The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Defaults, Framing and Privacy: Why Opting In-Opting Out1
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“when automobile insurance customers were required to opt in to obtain additional coverage, 20% of customers participated, while requiring them to opt out resulted in 75% participation in the same additional coverage [28].”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Behavioral economics research has demonstrated that individuals are more likely to accept the default option for organ donation, savings plans, car insurance, and email subscriptions [25-28].”
From Healthier side dishes at restaurants: an analysis of children's perspectives, menu content, and energy impacts (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.4.341 · Cited by 6,544
Status quo bias in decision making
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/bf00055564 · Cited by 5,897
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (2013) · World Scientific handbook in financial economic series · doi:10.1142/9789814417358_0016 · Cited by 5,379
RATIONAL CHOICE AND THE FRAMING OF DECISIONS
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. J. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511598951.011 · Cited by 3,733
The Power of Suggestion: Inertia in 401(k) Participation and Savings Behavior
Madrian, B. C., & Shea, D. F. (2001) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355301753265543 · Cited by 3,119
The construction of preference.
Slovic, P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.50.5.364 · Cited by 2,149
Building consumer trust online
Hoffman, D. L., Novak, T. P., & Peralta, M. (1999) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/299157.299175 · Cited by 2,132
Behavioral Decision Research: A Constructive Processing Perspective
Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1992) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.000511 · Cited by 1,424
Self-citationPredictors of online buying behavior
Bellman, S., Lohse, G. L., & Johnson, E. J. (1999) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/322796.322805 · Cited by 854
Self-citationFraming, probability distortions, and insurance decisions
Johnson, E. J., Hershey, J. C., Meszaros, J. R., & Kunreuther, H. C. (1993) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/bf01065313 · Cited by 762
Self-citationFraming, Probability Distortions, and Insurance Decisions
Johnson, E. J., Hershey, J. C., Meszaros, J. R., & Kunreuther, H. C. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2192-7_3 · Cited by 670
Self-citationAnchoring, Activation, and the Construction of Values
Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (1999) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1999.2841 · Cited by 592
Self-citationValue elicitation: Is there anything in there?
Fischhoff, B. (1991) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.46.8.835 · Cited by 561
Permission Marketing: Turning Strangers Into Friends And Friends Into Customers
Godin, S. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 450
Consumer buying behavior on the Internet: Findings from panel data
Lohse, G. L., Bellman, S., & Johnson, E. J. (2000) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6653(200024)14:1 · Cited by 450
(2023) · Bloomsbury Publishing Plc eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781509967339.v2_0037 · Cited by 378
Reference Points and Omission Bias
Baron, J., & Ritov, I. (1994) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1994.1070 · Cited by 361
Rational Choice: The Contrast between Economics and Psychology
Hynes, J. A., Hogarth, R. M., & Rader, M. W. (1988) · Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique · doi:10.2307/135276 · Cited by 310
Stated Willingness to Pay for Public Goods: A Psychological Perspective
Kahneman, D. J., Ritov, I., Jacowitz, K. E., & Grant, P. M. (1993) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00570.x · Cited by 295
The influence of unique features and direction of comparison of preferences
Houston, D. A., Sherman, S. J., & Baker, S. M. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(89)90008-5 · Cited by 123
Disentangling Status Quo and Omission Effects: An Experimental Analysis
Schweitzer, M. E. (1994) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1994.1046 · Cited by 116
Multiple Reference Points, Framing, and the Status Quo Bias in Health Care Financing Decisions
Schweitzer, M. E. (1995) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1995.1062 · Cited by 45
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kahneman, Daniel. (1999). ''Objective Happiness.'' In Daniel Kahneman, Ed Diener and Norbert Schwarz (eds.), Well-being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology, New York, NY, USA: Russell Sage Foundation.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1091721 · Cited by 35
Self-citationPrivacy and human behavior in the age of information
Acquisti, A., Brandimarte, L., & Loewenstein, G. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa1465 · Cited by 1,879
Beyond nudges: Tools of a choice architecture
Johnson, E. J., Shu, S. B., Dellaert, B. G. C., Fox, C. R., Goldstein, D. G., Haeubl, G., Larrick, R. P., Payne, J. W., Peters, E. M., Schkade, D. A., et al. (2012) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-012-9186-1 · Cited by 989
Self-citationDark Patterns at Scale: Findings from a Crawl of 11K Shopping Websites
Mathur, A., Acar, G., Friedman, M. J., Lucherini, E., Mayer, J., Chetty, M., & Narayanan, A. (2019) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3359183 · Cited by 816
Optimal Defaults and Active Decisions*
Carroll, G. D., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C., & Metrick, A. (2009) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2009.124.4.1639 · Cited by 679
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnson, E. J., Bellman, S., & Lohse, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Murdoch University (AU)
- Accenture (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Marketing Letters
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-15
- ISSN
- 0923-0645 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-059X
- OpenAlex
- W2148283815
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 16.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- autopapers.ssrn.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Marketing Letters (publishedVersion)
- Murdoch University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Keywords
- opt-in, opt-out, default effects, framing effects, online privacy, permission marketing, consumer preferences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
