Are discrepancies among child, mother, and father reports on children's behavior related to parents' psychological symptoms and aspects of parent–child relationships?
Abstract
Examined whether parents' symptoms and qualitative and quantitative aspects of parent-child relationships make unique contributions to mothers' and fathers' reports of, and mother-child, father-child, and father-mother discrepancies on, children's behavior. Participants were 100 children, aged 10-12, and their mothers and fathers. Parents' symptoms and parent-child relationships made unique contributions to both parents' ratings of externalizing behavior. Although parent-child relationship variables were related to both parents' ratings of internalizing behavior, only parents' symptoms made unique contributions. On mother-child and father-child discrepancies, differences emerged between mother and father, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Both fathers' and mothers' symptoms contributed to father-mother discrepancies on both behavior types, with parent-child relationships contributing unique variance to discrepancies on internalizing behavior. Results highlight the importance of each informant's symptoms and relationship variables in understanding informant discrepancies.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Parent self-report measures may introduce subjective bias because fathers' depressive symptoms can affect how they perceive the father-child relationship and their child's problem behaviours.
“These self-report measures may introduce subjective bias as cognitive-affective aspects of paternal depressive symptoms may impact on fathers' perceptions of both the father-child relationship and their child's problem behaviours (Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
From The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review (2016) · cites this paper as Treutler & Epkins, 2003
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989 · see citing works
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436 · see citing works
(1991) · Cited by 3,844 · see citing works
The Role of the Father in Child Development
Lamb, M. E., Pleck, J. H., & Levine, J. A. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9820-2_7 · Cited by 2,488 · see citing works
Children's Reports of Parental Behavior: An Inventory
Schaefer, E. S. (1965) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1965.tb05305.x · Cited by 1,410 · see citing works
Richters, J. E. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.485 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
MULTIVARIATE ASSESSMENT OF CONFLICT IN DISTRESSED AND NONDISTRESSED MOTHER‐ADOLESCENT DYADS
Prinz, R. J., Foster, S. L., Kent, R. N., & O’Leary, K. D. (1979) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1979.12-691 · Cited by 760 · see citing works
Working Wives/Working Husbands.
Ridgeway, S., & Pleck, J. H. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2071051 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Youngstrom, E. A., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer‐Loeber, M. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1038 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Kolko, D., & Kazdin, A. (1993) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01103.x · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Montemayor, R. (1983) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/027243168331007 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Schwarz, J. C., Barton-Henry, M. L., & Pruzinsky, T. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00120.x · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Duhig, A. M., Renk, K., Epstein, M. K., & Phares, V. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.7.4.435 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Briggs‐Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., & Schwab‐Stone, M. (1996) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01664738 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Schwarz, J. C., Barton-Henry, M. L., & Pruzinsky, T. (1985) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1129734 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
A comparison of mother and father involvement with their preschool age children
McBride, B. A., & Mills, G. (1993) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s0885-2006(05)80080-8 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Yeh, M., & Weisz, J. R. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.69.6.1018 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Phares, V. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.47.5.656 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Seiffge‐Krenke, I., & Kollmar, F. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00368 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Dysphoria-related bias in maternal ratings of children.
Youngstrom, E. A., Izard, C. E., & Ackerman, B. P. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.67.6.905 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Yeh, M., & Weisz, J. R. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.1018 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Parenting Across the Life Span
(1987) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/42.5.575a · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Jensen, P. S., Traylor, J. A., Xenakis, S. N., & Davis, H. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198807000-00012 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Phares, V., Compas, B. E., & Howell, D. C. (1989) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.68 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Perceptions of child rearing and self-concept development during the early adolescent years
Litovsky, V. G., & Dusek, J. B. (1985) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf02138833 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The Role of Parental Emotional Distress in Parent Report of Child Anxiety
Krain, A. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2903_4 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Home Predictors of Young Adolescents' School Behavior and Academic Performance
Forehand, R., Long, N. J., Brody, G. H., & Fauber, R. L. (1986) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00477.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Interparental agreement on child behavior problems.
Christensen, A., Margolin, G., & Sullaway, M. E. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.4.419 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Frick, P. J., Silverthorn, P., & Evans, C. C. (1994) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.372 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Accuracy of Informants: Do Parents Think That Mother Knows Best?
Phares, V. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025787613984 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Child psychopathology rating scales and interrater agreement: II. Child and family characteristics.
Jensen, P. S., Xenakis, S., Davis, H., & Degroot, J. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198807000-00013 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Fathering Behavior and Child Outcomes: The Role of Race and Poverty
Mosley, J. M., & Thomson, E. (1995) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483327242.n8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Phares, V. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.47.5.656 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Examining Father Involvement and the Quality of Father-Adolescent Relations
Almeida, D. M., & Galambos, N. L. (1991) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0102_3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
SAWYER, M. G., Baghurst, P., & Mathias, J. L. (1992) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00878.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sawyer, M. G., Streiner, D. L., & Baghurst, P. (1998) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1022614800179 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Children's reports of parental child-rearing behavior at five grade levels.
Armentrout, J. A., & Burger, G. K. (1972) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032701 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Revisiting the Accuracy Hypothesis in Families of Young Children With Conduct Problems
Querido, J. G., Eyberg, S. M., & Boggs, S. R. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3002_12 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Robin, A. L., & Foster, S. L. (1984) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The relationship between parental anger and behavior problems in children and adolescents.
Renk, K., Phares, V., & Epps, J. B. (1999) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.13.2.209 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Epkins, C. C. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2401_8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationEpkins, C. C. (1994) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf02168941 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationEpkins, C. C., & Dedmon, A. (1999) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1021975901564 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationDedmon, A. (1999) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kovacs (1977) · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197704)33:2
Flagged first, then by citations
5 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483 · Cited by 2,548 · see citing works
“…child interactions) and quantitative (i.e., number of topics parent and child discuss, amount of time parents spend with child) aspects of parent– child relationships and mother– child, father– child, and father–mother discrepancies on ratings of child psychopathology (Treutler & Epkins, 2003 ).”
InfluentialNowak, C., & Heinrichs, N. (2008) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-008-0033-0 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
“The quality of the parent–child relationship has been shown to be related to parents’ ratings of the child (Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
BackgroundRoy, B. V., Grøholt, B., Heyerdahl, S., & Clench‐Aas, J. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-56 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
“In particular parental engagement but also good communication between parents and their children were important to increase agreement between parents and children, as reported by Treutler and Epkins [ 21 ].”
The effects of paternal depression on child and adolescent outcomes: A systematic review
Sweeney, S., & MacBeth, A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.073 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders With the Social Communication Questionnaire
Eaves, L. C., Wingert, H., Ho, H. H., & Mickelson, E. C. R. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200604002-00007 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Making Sense of Multiple Informants in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Smith, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282906296233 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“Another rater characteristic that seems to influence ratings of youth behavior is the amount of time spent with and closeness to the child (Randazzo, Landsverk, & Ganger, 2003; Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundThe Youth Self Report: Applicability and Validity Across Younger and Older Youths
Ebesutani, C. K., Bernstein, A., Martinez, J. I., Chorpita, B. F., & Weisz, J. R. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.546041 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“Such studies are needed given that the YSR continues to be used with youth younger than 11 years old (eg, McCarthy & Weisz, 2002 ; Treutler, & Epkins, 2003 ).”
Gartstein, M. A., Bridgett, D. J., Dishion, T. J., & Kaufman, N. K. (2009) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.001 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
“Treutler and Epkins (2003), for example, examined whether parents’ symptoms made unique contributions to mothers’ and fathers’ reports of children’s behavior problems, as well as to discrepancies between mother–child, father–child, and father–mother reports.”
BackgroundReyes, A. D. L. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000096 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Applying Depression-Distortion Hypotheses to the Assessment of Peer Victimization in Adolescents
Reyes, A. D. L., & Prinstein, M. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_14 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“Discrepancies between self- and peer-reports of peer victimization were examined using techniques that are appropriate when measures administered to different informants differ in item content, metric, or variability (e.g., Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodAgreement between youth-reported and parent-reported psychopathology in a referred sample
Salbach‐Andrae, H., Klinkowski, N., Lenz, K., & Lehmkuhl, U. (2009) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0710-z · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“This result stays in line with many previously cited studies that did not find a connection between SES and informant discrepancies [13, 29, 38].”
ResultZaslow, M. J., Weinfield, N. S., Gallagher, M., Hair, E. C., Ogawa, J. R., Egeland, B. R., Tabors, P. O., & Temple, J. M. D. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.1.27 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Grietens, H. W. E., Onghena, P., Prinzie, P., Gadeyne, E., Assche, V. V., Ghesquière, P., & Hellinckx, W. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000013661.14995.59 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“Other studies (e.g., Chilcoat & Breslau, 1997; Richters, 1992; Treutler & Epkins, 2003 ) showed that these characteristics can influence ratings.”
BackgroundInfluentialBurt, K. B., van Dulmen, M. H. M., Carlivati, J., Egeland, B. R., Sroufe, L. A., Forman, D. R., Carmody, K. A., & Carlson, E. A. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00367.x · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Visser, A., Huizinga, G. A., Hoekstra, H. J., van der Graaf, W. T. A., Klip, E. C., Pras, E., & Hoekstra‐Weebers, J. E. H. M. (2005) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.902 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“In general, fathers tend to report fewer problems in their children than do mothers (Bartels et al., 2003; Duhig et al., 2000; Treutler and Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundPiotrowska, P. J., Tully, L. A., Lenroot, R., Kimonis, E. R., Hawes, D. J., Moul, C., Frick, P. J., Anderson, V. A., & Dadds, M. R. (2016) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-016-0219-9 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Importantly, previous research also suggests that discrepancies exist between mothers and fathers as informants (Dave et al. 2008; Langberg et al. 2010), and such disagreements may be a function of parent–child relationship and parental psychological symptoms (Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
BackgroundMoss, E., Bureau, J., Cyr, C. P., Mongeau, C., & St‐Laurent, D. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.3.323 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Incremental Validity in the Psychological Assessment of Children and Adolescents.
Johnston, C., & Murray, C. (2003) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.15.4.496 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Hildenbrand, A. K., Clawson, K. J., Alderfer, M. A., & Marsac, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043454211430823 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Family Treatment of Child Anxiety: Outcomes, Limitations and Future Directions
Creswell, C., & Cartwright‐Hatton, S. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0019-3 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Briggs - Gowan , Horwitz , Schwab - Stone , Leventhal , & Leaf , 2000 ; Treutler & Epkins , 2003 see below ) .”
BackgroundAdegboye, D., Williams, F., Collishaw, S., Shelton, K. H., Langley, K., Hobson, C. W., Burley, D. T., & van Goozen, S. H. M. (2021) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1111/jcv2.12005 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Gartstein, M. A., & Marmion, J. (2008) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.10.012 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Corbett, B., Muscatello, R. A., Klemenčić, M., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2521 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“…across studies suggest a positive association between parents’ stress and negative perceptions of child functioning such that parents with higher stress also reported more difficulties in their child, and vice versa (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2006; Treutler & Epkins, 2003; Youngstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundParent–Adolescent Agreement Concerning Adolescents' Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Klaus, N. M., Mobilio, A., & King, C. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410802698412 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Discrepancies in parent–child ratings of symptoms have been related to low parental warmth and acceptance (Kolko & Kazdin, 1993 ; Treutler & Epkins, 2003 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialReyes, A. D. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Pabón, S. C., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C., & Findling, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533402 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“…functioning in this way in keeping with prior work in both clinic and nonclinic samples suggesting that discrepancies relate to various dimensions of family functioning (e.g., caregiver acceptance and involvement, parent– child conflict; see De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2006b; Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDeterminants of Multiple Informant Agreement on Child and Adolescent Behavior
Karver, M. S. (2006) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9015-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“It has been suggested that, beyond rater characteristics (such as parental symptomatology; Treutler & Epkins, 2003 ), there are characteristics of the behavioral items being reported upon that are related to degree of parent–”
BackgroundDiscrepancies in parents' and children's reports of child emotion regulation.
Hourigan, S. E., Goodman, K. L., & Southam-Gerow, M. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2011.03.002 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Carter, J. S., Garber, J., Ciesla, J. A., & Cole, D. A. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.428 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Davé, S., Nazareth, I., Senior, R., & Sherr, L. (2008) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-008-0097-6 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Riley, A. W., Coiro, M. J., Broitman, M., Colantuoni, E., Hurley, K. M., Bandeen‐Roche, K., & Miranda, J. M. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.60.3.329 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Television exposure as a risk factor for aggressive behavior among 3-year-old children.
Manganello, J., & Taylor, C. A. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.193 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Low socioeconomic and educational status also have been associated with early childhood aggression.(42,45,47) Therefore, given that socioeconomic and educational status is often associated with many other demographics, we also controlled for the mother’s and father’s age and educational level as well as several other…”
Ehrlich, K. B., Cassidy, J. A., & Dykas, M. J. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01530.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“…symptoms (see Berger et al., 2005, for a similar examination of this model), and we extended this examination by also considering the role of maternal depressive symptoms, a factor widely considered to influence parental reports of child and adolescent functioning (e.g., Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialGoodman, K. L., Reyes, A. D. L., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2010) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0076-x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cheng, S., Keyes, K. M., Bitfoi, A., Carta, M. G., Koç, C., Goelitz, D., Otten, R., Lesinskienė, S., Mihova, Z., Pez, O., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1589 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…literature has found that positive parent–child relationship and less parenting stress are associated with less informant discrepancies (Chi & Hinshaw, 2002; Fung & Lau, 2010; Pelton, Steele, Chance, & Forehand, 2001; Treutler & Epkins, 2003; Van der Oord, Prins, Oosterlaan, & Emmelkamp, 2006).”
BackgroundMüller, J. M., Achtergarde, S., & Fürniss, T. (2011) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0168-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Treutler and Epkins [66] extended their analysis to fathers, and observed that both parents’ psychological symptoms were significantly related to their ratings of children’s Internalising and externalising behaviour.”
BackgroundResultReyes, A. D. L., Lerner, M. D., Thomas, S. A., Daruwala, S. E., & Goepel, K. (2013) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9733-0 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…and parent-adolescent conflict, an important observation because parent–child discrepancies in behavioral reports often relate to both child demographic characteristics and parent–child conflict (e.g., De Los Reyes and Kazdin 2005, 2006; De Los Reyes et al. 2012b; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
The association between parenting stress, depressed mood and informant agreement in ADHD and ODD
der Oord, S. V., Prins, P. J. M., Oosterlaan, J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Reyes, A. D. L., Alfano, C. A., & Beidel, D. C. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9373-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“In many respects this is a necessary criterion for conducting research on informant discrepancies in that it ensures that assessments are not confounded by differences in item content across reports (see De Los Reyes and Kazdin 2004; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
BackgroundKiss, E., Gentzler, A. M., George, C. J., Kapornai, K., Tamás, Z., Kovács, M., & Vetró, Á. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.008 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“…size (in so far as it may indirectly indicate the extent of time mother can dedicate to a particular offspring and hence influence her familiarity with and symptom report for the child, e.g., Treutler and Epkins, 2003) and highest educational grade that mothers completed as a proxy for SES.”
BackgroundReyes, A. D. L., Makol, B. A., Racz, S. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Lerner, M. D., & Keeley, L. M. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1238-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Reciprocal relationships between parent and adolescent internalizing symptoms.
Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018788 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Maternal-reported CBCL was not entered as an indicator in the mother–adolescent model, because parent reports of their children’s symptoms may be confounded by the parents’ own symptomatology (e.g., Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundLeblanc, N., Boivin, M., Dionne, G., Brendgen, M. R., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E., & Pérusse, D. (2008) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9227-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Parent Informants for Child Personality: Agreement, Discrepancies, and Clinical Utility
Tackett, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.608763 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“Treutler and Epkins (2003) found that the amount of time mothers spend with their child influences mother–father discrepancies on child internalizing symptoms.”
BackgroundBajeux, E., Klemanski, D. H., Husky, M. M., Leray, E., Chee, C. C., Shojaei, T., Fermanian, C., & Kovess–Masféty, V. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0815-7 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“This association is consistent with studies showing that a high level of parental engagement favors parent–child agreement both in externalizing and internalizing symptoms [16, 22] while a low parental acceptance is linked to greater disagreement [20].”
InfluentialSources of data about children’s executive functioning: Review and commentary
Silver, C. H. (2012) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.727793 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Additionally, higher parenting stress has been associated with disagreement between parents and other respondents in their reporting of child behavior problems (Kolko & Kazdin, 1993; Treutler & Epkins, 2003; Youngstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundParental Psychopathology in Families of Children with ADHD: A Meta-analysis
Cheung, K., & Theule, J. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0499-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-reported mental health in children ages 6–12 years across eight European countries
Husky, M. M., Boyd, A. C., Bitfoi, A., Carta, M. G., Chan‐Chee, C., Goelitz, D., Koç, C., Lesinskienė, S., Mihova, Z., Otten, R., et al. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1073-0 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Parents are also known to vary in their ability to identify depression and anxiety in their child, especially as it can in part reflect their own psychopathology [38, 39].”
Badawy, S. M., Beg, U., Liem, R. I., Chaudhury, S., & Thompson, A. A. (2021) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002948 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Maltreatment Is Associated With Specific Impairments in Executive Functions: A Pilot Study
Augusti, E., & Melinder, A. M. D. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21860 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Harvey, E. A., Fischer, C., Friedman-Weieneth, J. L., Hurwitz, S. D., & Sayer, A. G. (2013) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.05.002 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Depressed mothers as informants on child behavior: Methodological issues
Ordway, M. R. (2011) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20463 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Another explanation for the variability in reporting internalizing behaviors may be the amount of time spent with the child, such that the more time a mother spends with her child, the more internalizing behaviors she may become aware of and report (Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundParenting Stress in Pediatric Oncology Populations
Rabineau, K. M., Mabe, P. A., & Vega, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology · doi:10.1097/mph.0b013e318168e76b · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Indeed, studies have shown that parents with elevated levels of stress report more behavioral problems in their children when compared with the ratings of other informants (ie, teachers) or nonsymptomatic parents.(38,39) Robinson et al(32) reported that children with cancer whose parents were distressed were more like…”
BackgroundBurk, W. J., & Laursen, B. P. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9396-z · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Previous findings suggest that similarity between mother and child reports differs as a function of mother’s behavior problems, particularly depressive symptoms (Briggs-Gowan et al. 1996; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
BackgroundFathers' and mothers' perceptions of their child and maternal depressive symptoms
Koivisto, A., Luoma, I., & Tamminen, T. (2004) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480410006241 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Costa, Â. B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212578 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Openness arrangements and psychological adjustment in adolescent adoptees.
Korff, L. V., Grotevant, H. D., & McRoy, R. G. (2006) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.3.531 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Parent–Child Informant Discrepancy is Associated with Poorer Treatment Outcome
Goolsby, J., Rich, B. A., Hinnant, J. B., Habayeb, S., Berghorst, L. H., Reyes, A. D. L., & Alvord, M. K. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0946-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Charamut, N. R., Racz, S. J., Wang, M., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911629 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“…of conflict related to topics about which parents and adolescents typically encounter at home (e.g., chores, homework, and friends), as consistent with prior work (e.g., Smetana and Gaines, 1999; Adams and Laursen, 2001; Treutler and Epkins, 2003; Ehrlich et al., 2011; De Los Reyes et al., 2012b).”
ResultProblem Behavior, Parental Stress and Enuresis
Bruyne, E. D., Hoecke, E. V., Gompel, K. V., Verbeken, S., Baeyens, D., Hoebeke, P. B., & Walle, J. V. (2009) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.102 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Associations between paternal depression and behaviour problems in children of 4–6 years
Davé, S., Sherr, L., Senior, R., & Nazareth, I. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-007-0672-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“affected by their own personal adjustment [38, 51, 63, 65] such as depression [12, 45].”
Taxing Childcare: Effects on Childcare Choices, Family Labor Supply, and Children
Gathmann, C., & Sass, B. (2017) · Journal of Labor Economics · doi:10.1086/696143 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Lewis, K. S., Mars, B., Lewis, G., Rice, F. J., Sellers, R., Thapar, A. K., Craddock, N. J., Collishaw, S., & Thapar, A. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Olino, T. M., Finsaas, M. C., Dougherty, L. R., & Klein, D. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01295 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“These studies have considered moderating factors such as parent–child relationship functioning (Treutler and Epkins, 2003), parent symptoms (Youngstrom et al.”
BackgroundDo Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Reflect the Same Constructs? A Measurement Invariance Analysis
Jungersen, C. M., & Lonigan, C. J. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09874-3 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Stuart, J., & Jose, P. E. (2012) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030056 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“As found in many previous studies (e.g., Achenbach, McConaughy, & Howell, 1987; Treutler & Epkins, 2003), discrepancies between parents and adolescents were indeed evident in ratings of family dynamics.”
Griffith, G. M., Hastings, R. P., & Petalas, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-013-1969-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Researchers have also found differences between mother and father ratings of child behavior, with mothers typically reporting more problem behaviors than fathers (Luoma et al. 2004; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
The Effects of Parental Mood on Reports of Their Children’s Psychopathology
Maoz, H., Goldstein, T. R., Goldstein, B. I., Axelson, D., Fan, J., Hickey, M. B., Monk, K., Sakolsky, D. J., Diler, R. S., Brent, D. A., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.005 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hoffman, L. J., & Chu, B. C. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.015 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Roberts, R. E., Alegria, M., Roberts, C. R., & Chen, I. G. (2005) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000172597.15314.cb · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…1991; Cantwell et al., 1997; Edelbrock et al., 1986; Fabrega et al., 1996; Frick et al., 1994; Grills and Ollendick, 2003; Jensen et al., 1988, 1999; Kolko and Kazdin, 1993; Nomura et al., 2002; Renouf and Kovacs, 1994, 1997; Treutler and Epkins, 2003; Youngstrom et al., 2000; Zucker et al., 2002).”
BackgroundChildren’s Mental Health: Discrepancy between Child Self-Reporting and Parental Reporting
Caqueo‐Urízar, A., Alfonso Urzúa, M., Villalonga-Olives, E., Atencio‐Quevedo, D., Irarrázaval, M., Flores, J., & Ramírez, C. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12100401 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“These results suggest the design of interventions that promote greater and better communication within the family, since one of the main causes for consulting for mental health problems in children and adolescents is that their caregivers cannot perceive such difficulties [48], being that this domain is a protective f…”
BackgroundParent–child discrepancies in the assessment of children’s and adolescents’ happiness
López‐Pérez, B., & Wilson, E. L. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2015.06.006 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Moens, M. A., Weeland, J., der Giessen, D. V., Chhangur, R. R., & Overbeek, G. J. (2018) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0381-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…behavior, parent-child discrepancies have been related to negative parenting practices (i.e., harsh parenting), parenting stress, and conflictual parent-child interactions (De Los Reyes and Kazdin 2005; Ferdinand et al. 2004; Grills and Ollendick 2003; Stokes et al. 2011; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
BackgroundRadicke, A., Barkmann, C., Adema, B., Daubmann, A., Wegscheider, K., & Wiegand‐Grefe, S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020379 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Although controversial results exist regarding effects of age [54,56], research has consistently demonstrated that highly functional families show higher child– parent agreement [57,58], and that the parent’s mental health [10,59,60,83] and HRQoL [11] affect the proxy-ratings of their child’s HRQoL.”
BackgroundEhrlich, K. B., Richards, J., Lejuez, C. W., & Cassidy, J. A. (2015) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12197 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“In contrast, father–child discrepancies were predicted by father and child conflict and relationship ratings (Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
InfluentialThe Health-Related Quality of Life of Children With an Extremity Fracture
Ding, R., McCarthy, M. L., Houseknecht, E., Ziegfeld, S. M., Knight, V. M., Korehbandi, P., Parnell, D., & Klotz, P. (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/01.bpo.0000218521.98244.7e · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Stokes, J., Pogge, D. L., Wecksell, B., & Zaccario, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.594131 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…& Pickles, 1997; Chi & Hinshaw, 2002; Chilcoat & Breslau, 1997; Fergusson, Lynskey & Horwood, 1993; Najman et al., 2000; Renouf & Kovacs, 1994; Treutler & Epkins, 2003) or anxious parents (Briggs-Gowan, Carter, & Schwab-Stone, 1996; Frick, Silverthorn, & Evans, 1994), and others failing to…”
Luoma, I., Kaukonen, P., Mäntymaa, M., Puura, K., Tamminen, T., & Salmelin, R. K. (2004) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1023/b:chud.0000039319.96151.63 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kim, H., Ma, J., Sunkyoung, L., & Ying, G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01803-4 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Early Vocabulary Delay and Behavioral/Emotional Problems in Early Childhood: The Generation R Study
Henrichs, J., Rescorla, L. A., Donkersloot, C., Schenk, J. J., Raat, H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Albert Hofman, D., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2012) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0169 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Parent-child discrepancies in the report of adolescent emotional and behavioral problems in Taiwan
Chen, Y., Ho, S. Y., Lee, P., Wu, C., & Gau, S. S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178863 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Beaudoin, G., Hébert, M., & Bernier, A. (2013) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2012.12.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Latent difference score modeling: A flexible approach for studying informant discrepancies.
de Haan, A. D., Prinzie, P., Sentse, M., & Jongerling, J. (2017) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000480 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…these results may reflect differences between families in the level and quality of communication; in families wherein the quantity or quality of communication between parents and children is lower, discrepant views are likely more prevalent (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005; Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
ResultBehavioral consequences of mild traumatic brain injury in preschoolers
Gagner, C., Landry-Roy, C., Bernier, A., Gravel, J., & Beauchamp, M. H. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717003221 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Another hypothesis to explain the predictive link between mother distress and mother-reported post-TBI behavior problems is that the psychological state of the mother might influence the way she perceives her child and fills out the questionnaire (Treutler & Epkins, 2003).”
BackgroundRelationship Between Parenting Stress and Ratings of Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD
Joyner, K. B., Silver, C. H., & Stavinoha, P. L. (2009) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282909333945 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…between parents’ and other respondents’ report of child behavior problems (Kolko & Kazdin, 1993; Treutler & Epkins, 2003; Youngstrom et al., 2000) and higher frequencies of reported child behavior problems (Phares, Compas, & Howell, 1989; Treutler & Epkins, 2003; Youngstrom et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialInformant Disagreement for Separation Anxiety Disorder
Foley, D. L., Rutter, M. L., Pickles, A. R., Angold, A. C., MAES, H. H. M., Silberg, J. L., & Eaves, L. J. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200404000-00011 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Treutler and Epkins (2003) found that parental disagreement for CBCL ratings was predicted by increasing time spent by the mother with the child, and father–child disagreement about CBCL ratings was predicted by poor paternal acceptance of the child.”
BackgroundKeeley, L. M., Makol, B. A., Qasmieh, N., Deros, D. E., Karp, J. N., Lipton, M. F., Augenstein, T. M., Truong, M. L., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0950-y · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Parental anxiety and offspring development: A systematic review
Sweeney, S., & Wilson, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.128 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Michels, N., Vanaelst, B., Stoppie, E., Huybrechts, I., Bammann, K., Henauw, S. D., & Sioen, I. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00672.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Parent and child reports of sleep problems associated with early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders.
Lofthouse, N., Fristad, M. A., Splaingard, M., & Kelleher, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.21.1.114 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Results Rationale for the following analyses is based on Treutler and Epkins’ (2003) recommendations for cross-informant research, which include the examination of “correspondence” (i.”
Psychometric Properties of the Emotion Reactivity Scale in Community Screening Assessments
Byrne, S., Makol, B. A., Keeley, L. M., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2019) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-019-09749-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Reyes, A. D. L., Thomas, S. A., Swan, A. J., Ehrlich, K. B., Reynolds, E. K., Suárez, L., Dougherty, L. R., MacPherson, L., & Pabón, S. C. (2012) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9288-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Indeed, some studies using these measures identify no differences between parent and child reports for some conflict domains (e.g., intensity) and differences on other conflict domains (e.g., number of conflict topics discussed; see Ehrlich et al. 2011; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
InfluentialParent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance
Dirks, M. A., Weersing, V. R., Warnick, E. M., González, A., Alton, M. E., Dauser, C., Scahill, L. D., & WOOLSTON, J. L. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12159 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lavigne, J. V., Dahl, K. P., Gouze, K. R., LeBailly, S. A., & Hopkins, J. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0472-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Booth, C., Moreno‐Agostino, D., & Fitzsimons, E. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00605-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“And, in some cases, internalising problems may be well reported by parents, such as when the parent–child relationship is strong, characterised by more time spent together, including open communication [47].”
BackgroundVanwoerden, S., McLaren, V., Stepp, S. D., & Sharp, C. (2022) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2022.2039165 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hungerford, G. M., Garcia, D., & Bagner, D. M. (2015) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9478-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“2005) even though they can offer unique and important information about the child (Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
Reuterskiöld, L., Öst, L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2008) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-008-9081-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“This is partly in contrast to earlier reported work on parental psychopathology and disagreement (Engel et al. 1994; Treutler and Epkins 2003).”
ResultSchepers, S. A., Okado, Y., Russell, K., Long, A. M., & Phipps, S. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsy069 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Zapolski, T. C. B., & Smith, G. T. (2013) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9349-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Perhaps discrepancies between parental and child reports reflect characteristics of the family, such as communication or relationships problems (Bidaut-Russell et al. 1995; Jensen et al. 1988b; Kolko and Kazdin 1993; Treutler and Epkins 2003; Van Roy et al. 2010).”
Kandasamy, V., Hirai, A. H., Ghandour, R. M., & Kogan, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000559 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Treutler, C. M., & Epkins, C. C.
- Affiliations
- Texas Tech University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Epkins, Catherine C.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-27
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W226740661
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 11.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- informant discrepancies, parent-child relationship, child behavior, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, mothers, fathers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Father-Child Relations, Fathers, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Observer Variation, Parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
