The Predictive Validity of Parent and Teacher Reports of ADHD Symptoms
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The ADHD Rating Scale has shown good predictive validity in discriminating children with ADHD from typically developing children.
“it has shown good predictive validity in discriminating children with ADHD from typically developing children (Power et al., 1998).”
From WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities (2012) · cites this paper as Power et al., 1998
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Evidence-Based Assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
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“…studies ADHD rating scale (DuPaul, 1991; DuPaul, Anastopoulos, et al., 1998; DuPaul et al., 1997; DuPaul, Power, et al., 1998; Gomez et al., 1999; Power et al., 1998) α = .88 to .95 (T) α = .86 to .92 (P) r = .55 to .90 (T); r = .70 to .86 (P) r = .40 to .59 (P, T) r (ADHD rating scale, T…”
BackgroundMethodFabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Waschbusch, D. A., Gnagy, E. M., Lahey, B. B., Chronis, A. M., Onyango, A. N., Kipp, H., Lopez-Williams, A., & Burrows-MacLean, L. D. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3503_3 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Parent and Teacher SNAP-IV Ratings of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
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“manual ( Pillow, Pelham, Hoza, Molina, & Stultz, 1998 ).”
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“…ADHD directly target one or more components of attention predicated on strong evidence of attention deficits derived fromparent and teacher reports (Power et al., 1998; Tripp, Schaughency, & Clarke, 2006), aswell as evidence of large magnitude impairments in objectively observed classroom…”
BackgroundTen-Year Review of Rating Scales. V: Scales Assessing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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“predictive power in the diagnosis of ADHD (Power et al., 1998).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIncremental Validity of New Clinical Assessment Measures.
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“in discriminating children with ADHD from typically developing children (Power et al., 1998).”
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“To address these questions, the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale (DBDRS; Oosterlaan, Scheres, Antrop, Roeyers, & Sergeant, 2000; Pelham, Gnagy, Greenslade, & Milich, 1992; Pillow, Pelham, Hoza, Molina, & Stultz, 1998 ) was used.”
BackgroundRodriguez, A., Järvelin, M., Obel, C., Taanila, A. M., Miettunen, J., Moilanen, I. K., Henriksen, T. B., Pietiläinen, K., Ebeling, H. E., Kotimaa, A., et al. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-327 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Teacher ratings have been found to make a stronger contribution to the prediction of ADHD subtype than parent ratings [12] and have high classification accuracy of ADHD diagnosis [13].”
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“Consistent with previous research ( Power et al., 1998 ), problems with attention”
ResultInfluentialA meta-analysis of the association between birth weight and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Momany, A. M., Kamradt, J. M., & Nikolas, M. A. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0371-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“Similarly, previous work has indicated the validity of ADHD symptom ratings varies by the informant used (e.g., parent, teacher, self; Erhardt et al. 1999; Martel et al. 2015; Powe et al. 1998; Van Voorhees et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodClinical Utility of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale Comorbidity Screening Scales
Becker, S. P., Langberg, J. M., Vaughn, A. J., & Epstein, J. N. (2012) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e318245615b · Cited by 79 · see citing works
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Self-citationKarustis, J. L., Power, T. J., Rescorla, L. A., Eiraldi, R. B., & Gallagher, P. R. (2000) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470000400301 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationTools for the Diagnosis of ADHD in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
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“Teacher reports of the child’s psychological and social adjustments are thought to be less biased and are usually more predictive of future outcomes than parent reports.(56,57) In contrast to most parents, teachers offer an adult’s view of the child in relation to a relatively large peer group of the same age.”
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“Scores were defined as clinically significant when equal or greater than the 90 percentile of the sex-matched normative score distribution, as recommended by Power and colleagues [26].”
MethodChildhood trajectories of inattention-hyperactivity and academic achievement at 12 years
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“However, parents provide the most reliable assessment of hyperactivity and inattention during early childhood [30] and teachers provide the most reliable assessment during middle childhood [55, 56].”
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Multi-method assessment of ADHD characteristics in preschool children: Relations between measures
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“In a study by Power et al. (1998), teacher-ratings of inattention and hyperactivity demonstrated better predictive validity than parent ratings for determining the presence or absence of an ADHD diagnosis as determined by a multimethod assessment battery including a diagnostic interview.”
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“85) were used, consistent with previous research highlighting the predictive validity of teacher reports (Power et al., 1998).”
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“The latter finding contrasts with the literature regarding school-age children, in which teacher reports are considered to be superior to parent ratings (Loeber et al. 1990; Power et al. 1998).”
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Clinical Utility of the Vanderbilt ADHD Rating Scale for Ruling Out Comorbid Learning Disorders
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“Adequate psychometric properties have been demonstrated, with high internal consistency [34] and good predictive validity in identifying youth with ADHD relative to non-clinical youth [35].”
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“Another study has reported that, while parents were able to significantly predict diagnosis of ADHD, teacher ratings correctly classified a greater percentage of cases than the parents did for both inattention and hyperactivity– impulsivity scales (Power et al., 1998).”
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“The ADHDRating Scale-IV has been validated against the Conners Teacher Rating Scale-39 and the Conners Parent Rating Scale-48 with good correlations (45), has been found to be stable over a 4-week span, and correlates significantly with classroom behavior and task accuracy (46).”
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“Targeting academic productivity has been demonstrated to decrease disruptive and off-task behavior ( Lentz, 1988 ).”
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“Teacher ratings were chosen over parent ratings because the former better predict problem behavior in children (Power et al., 1998; Verhulst, Koot, & Van der Ende, 1994).”
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“Behavioural assessment by teachers is preferred as primary objective due to the higher sensitivity of teachers’ ratings [58, 59].”
BackgroundVallejo-Valdivielso, M., Soutullo, C. A., de Castro‐Manglano, P., Marín-Méndez, J. J., & Díez‐Suárez, A. (2017) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2017.05.010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Muestra total 17a 91,9 90,3 0,969 0,96 - 0,98 134 7,57 (5,83) 15,5 16,55 18 23,90 17 (p93-p95) Chicas 15b 92,4 83,1 0,961 0,94 - 0,98 71 7,42 (5,67) 16 16,96 18 21,68 15 (p85-p90) 17a 87,4 88,7 17 (p93-p95) Chicos 17b 93,1 92,1 0,969 0,95 - 0,99 63 7,73 (6,04) 15 16,52 17,8 27,44 17 (p93-p95) 17a 93,1 92,1 17 (p93-p95…”
Evaluation and Assessment Issues in the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Nass, R. D. (2005) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2005.12.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tortosa, M. L. S., Carrasco, F. F., Sória, I. N., & Rizo-Maestre, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18083870 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Furthermore, from both a psychometric and applied point of view, the ADHD RS-V has many strengths: It is normalized by age, gender and type of assessor [44], it has good results in terms of reliability, internal consistency and validity, it has demonstrated clinical utility for the diagnosis of ADHD [46,47] and has be…”
MethodADHD misdiagnosis: Causes and mitigators
Furzer, J., Dhuey, E., & Laporte, A. (2022) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.4555 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Two New Rating Scales for Assessment of ADHD Symptoms in Italian Preschool Children
Re, A. M., & Cornoldi, C. (2008) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708323001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The literature—addressing older children—tends to be contradictory but has indeed shown that agreement between parents and teachers may be low (DuPaul, Power, McGoey, Ikeda, & Anastopoulos, 1991, Power et al., 1998).”
BackgroundExploring Mental Health Literacy Among Pre-Service Teachers
Whitley, J., & Gooderham, S. (2016) · Exceptionality Education International · doi:10.5206/eei.v26i2.7741 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Most research has explored teachers’ roles as informants for externalizing difficulties, again, most often ADHD (e.g., Moldavsky, Pass, & Sayal, 2014; Pelham, Gnagy, Greenslade, & Milich, 1992; Power et al., 1998); fewer studies have explored”
BackgroundOgg, J. A., & Anthony, C. J. (2019) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2019.02.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Vaughn, A. J., & Hoza, B. (2012) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426611427910 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Abraham, E., Scott, M. A., & Blair, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00724 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Panax ginsengMay Improve Some Symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Niederhofer, H. (2009) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390210802687221 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Niederhofer, H. (2008) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.006 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Assessment with Brief Behavior Rating Scales
Volpe, R. J., & DuPaul, G. J. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012058570-0/50014-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, N. Y., Nili, A. N., Blackwell, C. K., Ogbuefi, N., Cummings, P., Lai, J., Griffith, J. W., Paller, A. S., Wakschlag, L. S., & Fishbein, A. B. (2021) · Pediatric Dermatology · doi:10.1111/pde.14889 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Have trouble paying attention, keeping still, or waiting when tired, hungry or sick 4 (40) 17 (68) 19 (72) .”
BackgroundInfluentialKakubo, S. M., Mendez, M., da Silveira, J. D. X., Maringolo, L. F., NITTA, C. T., da Silveira, D. X., & Fidalgo, T. M. (2018) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0227121217 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chen, I., Chang, C., Chang, M., & Ko, L. (2024) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-024-09578-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The results of our model #1 align with previous literature supporting that teacher ratings may be more informative than parent ratings [56, 57].”
ResultTest-Retest Measurement Invariance of Clinic Referred Children’s ADHD Symptoms
Gomez, R., Vance, A. L. A., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-017-9636-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Validation of a Spanish-language version of the ADHD Rating Scale IV in a Spanish sample
Vallejo-Valdivielso, M., Soutullo, C. A., de Castro‐Manglano, P., Marín-Méndez, J. J., & Díez‐Suárez, A. (2019) · Neurología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.05.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Patti, M. A., Croen, L., Dickerson, A. S., Joseph, R. M., Ames, J., Ladd‐Acosta, C., Ozonoff, S. J., Schmidt, R. J., Volk, H. E., Hipwell, A. E., et al. (2024) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.3147 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, prior work supports parent report of clinician diagnosis of autism and ADHD (Daniels et al., 2012; Power et al., 1998), and agreement of autism diagnosis with higher SRS scores, particularly for the school-age form.”
BackgroundWeyns, A.-S., Verlaet, A. A. J., Breynaert, A., Naessens, T., Fransén, E., Verhelst, H., West, D. V., Ingelghem, I. V., Jonckheere, A. I., Beysen, D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105246 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Edwards, M. C., & Sigel, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9431-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Factors predictive of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnosis: Parent and teacher ratings
Taylor, N. M., & Enns, L. N. (2018) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2018.1495187 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Similar results were found in a study by Power et al. (1998) whereby teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity were more predictive than parent ratings in identifying an ADHD diagnosis, as well as in discriminating between ADHD subtypes.”
ResultWill, M., & Wilson, B. J. (2014) · Journal of Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1744629514528828 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“For example, Power et al. (1998) found teacher ratings had greater predictive validity than parent ratings for children’s ADHD symptoms.”
BackgroundJohnston, C., Weiss, M. D., Murray, C., & Miller, N. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9532-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Within a complete, multi-method and multi-source assessment of ADHD, parental reports of the child’s behavior on checklists that ask about symptoms of ADHD are considered a central component ( Pelham et al. 2005 ).”
BackgroundMethodShemmassian, S., & Lee, S. S. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714522511 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…with multiple informants, despite the centrality of parent and teacher ratings in the assessment of ADHD (Johnston & Murray, 2003; Pelham et al., 2005; Power et al., 1998), including their contextual and incremental validity (De Los Reyes, 2011; Owens & Hoza, 2003; Shemmassian & Lee, 2012).”
BackgroundGomez, R., Stavropoulos, V., & Watson, S. (2020) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-020-09802-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In general, a major use of ADHD rating scales in children and adolescents is facilitating assessment and diagnosis of ADHD (Aman and Pearson 1999; Daley 2006; Power et al. 1998; Teegarden and Burns 1999).”
BackgroundAttention skills and looking to television in children from low income families
Brown, D. D., Weatherholt, T. N., & Burns, B. M. (2010) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2010.04.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Noda, W., Okada, R., Tani, I., Ohnishi, M., Mochizuki, N., Nakajima, S., & Tsujii, M. (2013) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.84.169 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Amador, J. A., Santacana, M. F. I., Guàrdia‐Olmos, J., & Peró, M. (2005) · RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Santacana, M. F. I., Amador, J. A., & de Balanzó, B. M. (2001) · Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gomez, R., Vance, A. L. A., & Stavropoulos, V. (2019) · Advances in Developmental and Educational Psychology · doi:10.25082/adep.2019.01.002 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Furthermore, ADHD rating scales have been validated and show specificity/sensitivity in identifying individuals with ADHD.[5, 6] Consequently, ADHD ratings have been used for screening ADHD (e.”
MethodInfluentialLuyens, B., Felgueroso-Bueno, F., Everard, A., & Massat, I. (2026) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2026.01.038 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wilson, B. J., Will, M., Schoenfield-McNeill, J., & Montague, R. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2012.682727 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Furthermore, Power et al. (1998) found teacher ratings were better at predicting ADHD in schoolaged children than were parent ratings.”
BackgroundDo Inattention/Hyperactivity and Motor Timing Predict Children’s Virtual Road-Crossing Performance?
Parr, M. N. D. N., Tang, H., Mallaro, S., Kearney, J. K., & Plumert, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsab054 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brief report: ADHD Rating Scale-IV (parent/caregiver-report) norms for young Danish schoolchildren
Arildskov, T. W., Virring, A., Lambek, R., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Østergaard, S. D., & Thomsen, P. H. (2024) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2024.2388070 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…previously [1] and found in the current study, the use of percentiles rather than standard t-scores is considered more appropriate (e.g. [16, 17]). indeed, we found that t-scores > 70, which theoretically are expected to identify the extreme (in this case right) 2.3% tail of a normal…”
InfluentialNiederhofer, H. (2009) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.08.005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Multiple Origins of Sex Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Swanson, J. M., Lakes, K. D., Wigal, T. L., & Volkow, N. D. (2012) · Research and perspectives in endocrine interactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33721-5_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects of family routines and family stress on child competencies
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Teacher Acceptability of Treatments for ADHD
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“rate of ADHD diagnoses (Jarratt, Riccio, & Siekierski, 2005), and teacher-report measures may provide a more accurate ADHD subtype diagnosis (Power et al., 1998).”
BackgroundValeriana officinalis bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung
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Developmental origins of psychological vulnerability factors for mental disorders
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Passionsblume in der Behandlung des ADHS
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- Authors
- Power, T. J., Doherty, B. J., Panichelli-Mindel, S. M., Karustis, J. L., Eiraldi, R. B., Anastopoulos, A. D., & DuPaul, G. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
- Lehigh University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-81
- ISSN
- 0164-0305 (ISSN-L)
- 0882-2689
- 1573-3505
- OpenAlex
- W2335941853
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, predictive validity, parent report, teacher reports, diagnostic thresholds, ADHD subtypes, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, children
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