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Dimensionality and Norms of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in a German General Population Sample

Roth, Marcus, Decker, Oliver, Herzberg, Philipp Yorck, Brähler, Elmar·2008·European Journal of Psychological Assessment

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Abstract

This study analyzed the dimensionality of the German version of Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale (RSES) in a nationally representative population sample of 4,988 subjects (46.4% males; aged 14–92 years). Using confirmatory factor analysis, one- and two-dimensional models were tested. Results suggest that the RSES is a two-dimensional scale comprising the highly correlated components positive and negative self-evaluation, which constitute a unitary construct of global self-esteem at the second-order level. In order to obtain a more conclusive solution, an item response theory (IRT) analysis (partial credit model) was conducted. Results lend support to a one-dimensional view of the RSES. Furthermore, psychometric properties and norm values based on the representative sample are reported. Analyses revealed extremely high response probabilities for all items, as a consequence of which self-esteem cannot be differentiated at the upper end of the range.

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Authors: Roth, M., Decker, O., Herzberg, P. Y., & Brähler, E.
Affiliations: Leipzig University (DE)
ORCID: Roth, Marcus
Decker, Oliver
Herzberg, Philipp Yorck
Brähler, Elmar
Venue: European Journal of Psychological Assessment
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 190-197
ISSN: 1015-5759 (ISSN-L)
2151-2426
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.24.3.190
OpenAlex: W2095534191
Cited by: 166
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 7.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: European Journal of Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, self-esteem, dimensionality, global self-esteem, second-order construct, German version, reference values, item response theory, partial credit model, response probability, psychometric properties

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Dimensionality and Norms of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in a German General Population Sample

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