Microphysical and macrophysical responses of marine stratocumulus polluted by underlying ships: Evidence of cloud deepening
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[1] Ship tracks observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) were analyzed to determine the extent to which aerosol plumes from ships passing below marine stratocumulus alter the microphysical and macrophysical properties of the clouds. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery was used to distinguish ship tracks embedded in closed, open, and undefined mesoscale cellular cloud structures. The impact of aerosol on the microphysical cloud properties in both the closed and open cell regimes were consistent with the changes predicted by the Twomey hypothesis. For the macrophysical changes, differences were observed between regimes. In the open cell regime, polluted clouds had significantly higher cloud tops (16%) and more liquid water (39%) than nearby unpolluted clouds. However, in the closed cell regime, polluted clouds exhibited no change in cloud top height and had less liquid water (−6%). Both microphysical (effective radius) and macrophysical (liquid water path) cloud properties contribute to a fractional change in cloud optical depth; in the closed cell regime the microphysical contribution was 3 times larger than the macrophysical contribution. However, the opposite was true in the open cell regime where the macrophysical contribution was nearly 2 times larger than the microphysical contribution because the aerosol probably increased cloud coverage. The results presented here demonstrate key differences aerosols have on the microphysical and macrophysical responses of boundary layer clouds between mesoscale stratocumulus convective regimes.
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More recent studies show that aerosols can also change LWP and total cloud fraction (CF), which also greatly affect the amount of solar radiation reflected by clouds.
“More recent studies show that aerosols can also change LWP and total cloud fraction (CF), which also greatly affect the amount of solar radiation reflected by clouds2,13–16.”
From Abrupt reduction in shipping emission as an inadvertent geoengineering termination shock produces substantial radiative warming (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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Climate Processes: Clouds, Aerosols and Dynamics
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- Authors
- Christensen, M. W., & Stephens, G. L.
- Affiliations
- Colorado State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2011-02-01
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- D3
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082321592
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Keywords
- ship track, marine stratocumulus, ship emissions, aerosol-cloud interactions, cloud microphysics, cloud macrophysics, cloud top height, liquid water path, cloud optical thickness, boundary layer clouds
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