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Cited by 29Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism StudiesGeology and Paleoclimatology ResearchGeological and Geophysical Studies

Archaeomagnetism in the Levant and Mesopotamia Reveals the Largest Changes in the Geomagnetic Field

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Shaar, Ron, Gallet, Yves, Vaknin, Yoav, Gonen, Lilach, Martin, Mario A. S., Adams, Matthew J., Finkelstein, Israel·2022·Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
DOI 10.1029/2022jb024962PMC PMC10078470

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Abstract

Our understanding of geomagnetic field intensity prior to the era of direct instrumental measurements relies on paleointensity analysis of rocks and archaeological materials that serve as magnetic recorders. Only in rare cases are absolute paleointensity data sets continuous over millennial timescales, in sub‐centennial resolution, and directly dated using radiocarbon. As a result, fundamental properties of the geomagnetic field, such as its maximum intensity and rate of change have remained a subject of lively discussion. Here, we place firm constraints on these two quantities using Bayesian modeling of well‐dated archaeomagnetic intensity data from the Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. We report new data from 23 groups of pottery collected from 18 consecutive radiocarbon‐dated archaeological strata from Tel Megiddo, Israel. In the Near East, the period of 1700–550 BCE is represented by 84 groups of archaeological artifacts, 55 of which were dated using radiocarbon or a direct link to clear historically dated events, providing unprecedented sub‐century resolution. Moreover, stratigraphic relationships between samples collected from multi‐layered sites enable further refinement of the data ages. The Bayesian curve shows four geomagnetic spikes between 1050 and 600 BCE, with virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) reaching values of 155–162 ZAm 2 , much higher than any prediction from geomagnetic field models. Rates of change associated with the four spikes are ∼0.35–0.55 μT/year (∼0.7–1.1 ZAm 2 /year), at least twice the maximum rate inferred from direct observations spanning the past 180 years. The increase from 1750 to 1030 BCE (73–161 ZAm 2 ) depicts the Holocene's largest change in field intensity.

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  • Archaeomagnetic study of destruction layers has enabled the reconstruction of destruction events and the development of a reliable dating tool.

    “Recently, the archaeomagnetic study of destruction layers has enabled the reconstruction of destruction events (Vaknin et al. 2020(Vaknin et al. , 2023b) ) and the development of a reliable dating tool (Shaar et al. 2022;Vaknin et al. 2024Vaknin et al. , 2022)).”

    From Pre‐Excavation Identification and Dating of Iron Age Destruction Events (2025) · cites this paper as Shaar et al. 2022

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Authors
Shaar, R., Gallet, Y., Vaknin, Y., Gonen, L., Martin, M. A. S., Adams, M. J., & Finkelstein, I.
Affiliations
  • Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
Corresponding author
Shaar, Ron
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2022-12
Volume
127
Issue
12
Pages
e2022JB024962-e2022JB024962
ISSN
  • 2169-9313 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-9356
DOI
10.1029/2022jb024962
PMC
PMC10078470
OpenAlex
W4311419225
Cited by
29
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (804490)
  • Israel Science Foundation (1364/15)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
Keywords
archaeomagnetism, paleointensity, geomagnetic field intensity, virtual axial dipole moment, pottery, Levant, Upper Mesopotamia, Bayesian model, Holocene geomagnetic field, Late Bronze Age

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