Reconstructing Holocene geomagnetic field variation: new methods, models and implications.
Open accessAbstract
Reconstructions of the Holocene geomagnetic field and how it varies on millennial timescales are important for understanding processes in the core but may also be used to study long-term solar-terrestrial relationships and as relative dating tools for geological and archaeological archives. Here, we present a new family of spherical harmonic geomagnetic field models spanning the past 9000 yr based on magnetic field directions and intensity stored in archaeological artefacts, igneous rocks and sediment records. A new modelling strategy introduces alternative data treatments with a focus on extracting more information from sedimentary data. To reduce the influence of a few individual records all sedimentary data are resampled in 50-yr bins, which also means that more weight is given to archaeomagnetic data during the inversion. The sedimentary declination data are treated as relative values and adjusted iteratively based on prior information. Finally, an alternative way of treating the sediment data chronologies has enabled us to both assess the likely range of age uncertainties, often up to and possibly exceeding 500 yr and adjust the timescale of each record based on comparisons with predictions from a preliminary model. As a result of the data adjustments, power has been shifted from quadrupole and octupole to higher degrees compared with previous Holocene geomagnetic field models. We find evidence for dominantly westward drift of northern high latitude high intensity flux patches at the core mantle boundary for the last 4000 yr. The new models also show intermittent occurrence of reversed flux at the edge of or inside the inner core tangent cylinder, possibly originating from the equator.
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The paleointensity is much higher than predicted by global models, the declination is somewhat higher than predicted, and the inclination is in agreement with the models.
“the paleointensity is much higher than predicted by global models [1–3], the declination is somewhat higher than predicted and the inclination is in agreement with the models.”
From The Earth’s magnetic field in Jerusalem during the Babylonian destruction: A unique reference for field behavior and an anchor for archaeomagnetic dating (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
Section 3.1 (p. 7) says regularized models tend to underestimate intensity relative to the data, supporting the direction of the cited paleointensity comparison. Section 4.1 (p. 10) identifies an underestimation in East Asia over the last 2,000 years. Neither passage establishes that paleointensity is generally *much* higher than global-model predictions; the cited paper also does not establish the sentence’s stated declination and inclination comparisons. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWell-dated archaeological materials are a critical data source for geomagnetic secular variation models.
“Well-dated archaeological materials are a critical data source for geomagnetic secular variation models [1–6]”
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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The origin of magnetic minerals in the Lake Khubsugul sediments (Mongolia)
Nourgaliev, D. K., Iassonov, P. G., Kosareva, L. R., et al. (2005) · Rossijskij žurnal nauk o zemle/Russian journal of earth sciences · doi:10.2205/2005es000173 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Frank, U., Schwab, M. J., & Negendank, J. F. W. (2003) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2002jb002049 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
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Time-Averaged Field and Paleosecular Variation
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Persistent high paleosecular variation activity in southern hemisphere for at least 10,000 years
Constable, C., Korte, M., & Panovska, S. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.015 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
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Arneitz, P., Egli, R., Leonhardt, R., & Fabian, K. (2019) · Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors · doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2019.03.008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Six centuries of geomagnetic intensity variations recorded by royal Judean stamped jar handles
Ben-Yosef, E., Millman, M., Shaar, R., Tauxe, L., & Lipschits, O. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1615797114 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shaar, R., Hassul, E., Raphael, K., Ebert, Y., Segal, Y., Eden, I., Vaknin, Y., Marco, S., Nowaczyk, N. R., Chauvin, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00164 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vaknin, Y., Shaar, R., Gadot, Y., Shalev, Y., Lipschits, O., & Ben-Yosef, E. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237029 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The evolution of the Levantine Iron Age geomagnetic anomaly captured in Mediterranean sediments
Béguin, A., Filippidi, A., de Lange, G. J., & de Groot, L. V. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.021 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Peters, I., Tauxe, L., & Ben‐Yosef, E. (2018) · Archaeometry · doi:10.1111/arcm.12322 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nilsson, A., Holme, R., Korte, M., Suttie, N., & Hill, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Nilsson, Andreas
- Holme, Richard
- Suttie, Neil
- Hill, Mimi
- Venue
- Geophysical Journal International
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-05-15
- Volume
- 198
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 229-248
- ISSN
- 0956-540X (ISSN-L)
- 1365-246X
- OpenAlex
- W2168784807
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 10.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Geophysical Journal International (publishedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I013873/1, NE/H021043/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Keywords
- Holocene geomagnetic field, geomagnetic field reconstruction, spherical harmonic model, archaeomagnetic dating, geomagnetic field intensity, magnetic declination, westward drift, solar-terrestrial relations, age uncertainty
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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