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Cited by 352Atmospheric Ozone and ClimateIonosphere and magnetosphere dynamicsClimate variability and models

Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause

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Appenzeller, Christof, Holton, James R., Rosenlof, Karen H.·1996·Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
DOI 10.1029/96jd00821
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Abstract

The annual cycle of the net mass transport across the extratropical tropopause is examined. Contributions from both the global‐scale meridional circulation and the mass variation of the lowermost stratosphere are included. For the northern hemisphere the mass of the lowermost stratosphere has a distinct annual cycle, whereas for the southern hemisphere, the corresponding variation is weak. The net mass transport across the tropopause in the northern hemisphere has a maximum in late spring and a distinct minimum in autumn. This variation and its magnitude compare well with older estimates based on representative 90 Sr mixing ratios. For the southern hemisphere the seasonal cycle of the net mass transport is weaker and follows roughly the annual variation of the net mass flux across a nearby isentropic surface.

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  • Northern Hemisphere seasonal differences in 14C between plants growing in the early spring and later in the summer can come about because stratospheric 14C is injected into the troposphere during the boreal spring.

    “Northern Hemisphere seasonal differences in 14 C between plants growing in the early spring and later in the summer can come about because stratospheric 14 C is injected into the troposphere during the boreal spring (Appenzeller et al. 1996; Stohl et al. 2003).”

    From The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP) (2020) · cites this paper as Appenzeller et al. 1996

    The mass-transport discussion (section 4, page unavailable) reports that downward transport across the Northern Hemisphere tropopause peaks in late spring. The paper anticipates that tracer inputs will follow that seasonal pattern, but cautions that mass transport cannot be directly interpreted as tracer flux. It does not establish an injection of 14C specifically or explain differences in 14C between spring- and summer-growing plants. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • Differences in growing season are potentially relevant to 14C offsets, as an intra-annual pattern in transport across the extratropical tropopause leads to an observed natural seasonal variation in midlatitude NH tropospheric 14C levels between a winter/spring low (minimum late March to early April) and a summer to early autumn high (peak mid-September).

    “Differences in growing season are potentially relevant, as an intra-annual pattern in transport across the extratropical tropopause leads to an observed natural seasonal variation in midlatitude NH tropospheric 14C levels between a winter/spring low (minimum late March to early April) and a summer to early autumn high (peak mid-September) (15, 19–22).”

    From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [20]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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Related

Authors
Appenzeller, C., Holton, J. R., & Rosenlof, K. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Washington (US)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
1996-06
Volume
101
Issue
D10
Pages
15071-15078
ISSN
0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1029/96jd00821
OpenAlex
W2165193365
Semantic Scholar
7dfa98d7523c013e8ffa404783854f0c36c9394e
Cited by
352
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
FWCI
9.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
  • NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Keywords
seasonal variation, extratropical tropopause, meridional circulation, stratosphere-troposphere exchange, strontium-90, Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere

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