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The Galileo Probe Doppler Wind Experiment: Measurement of the deep zonal winds on Jupiter.
Open accessAbstract
During its descent into the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, the Galileo probe transmitted data to the orbiter for 57.5 min. Accurate measurements of the probe radio frequency, driven by an ultrastable oscillator, allowed an accurate time history of the probe motions to be reconstructed. Removal from the probe radio frequency profile of known Doppler contributions, including the orbiter trajectory, the probe descent velocity, and the rotation of Jupiter, left a measurable frequency residual due to Jupiter's zonal winds, and microdynamical motion of the probe from spin, swing under the parachute, atmospheric turbulence, and aerodynamic buffeting. From the assumption of the dominance of the zonal horizontal winds, the frequency residuals were inverted and resulted in the first in situ measurements of the vertical profile of Jupiter's deep zonal winds. A number of error sources with the capability of corrupting the frequency measurements or the interpretation of the frequency residuals were considered using reasonable assumptions and calibrations from prelaunch and in‐flight testing. It is found that beneath the cloud tops (about 700 mbar) the winds are prograde and rise rapidly to 170 m/s at 4 bars. Beyond 4 bars to the depth at which the link with the probe was lost, nearly 21 bars, the winds remain constant and strong. Corrections for the high temperatures encountered by the probe have recently been completed and provide no evidence of diminishing or strengthening of the zonal wind profile in the deeper regions explored by the Galileo probe.
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“The corresponding vertical shear of the zonal flow, ;1-2 3 10 23 s 21 , is similar to that measured by the Galileo probe on Jupiter between 0.7 and 4 bar (Atkinson et al. 1998) and to that inferred from Cassini data for Saturn between 0.05 and 0.8 bar (Sanchez-Lavega et al. 2007; see also the zonal-flow observations at different levels in Fig. 1).”
From Mechanisms of Jet Formation on the Giant Planets (2010) · cites this paper as Atkinson et al. 1998
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Metadata
- Authors
- Atkinson, D. H., Pollack, J. B., & Seiff, A.
- ORCID
- Atkinson, David H.
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1998-09
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- E10
- Pages
- 22911-22928
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984608767
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Keywords
- Jupiter, zonal wind, Galileo probe, deep atmosphere, atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric temperature effects
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