The innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium: Innate immunity in the airway
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium maintains an effective antimicrobial environment to prevent colonization by microorganisms in inspired air. In addition to constitutively present host defenses which include antimicrobial peptides and proteins, the epithelial cells respond to the presence of microbes by the induction two complementary parts of an innate immune response. The first response is the increased production of antimicrobial agents, and the second is the induction of a signal network to recruit phagocytic cells to contain the infection. Inflammatory mediators released by the recruited cells as well as from the epithelium itself further induce the expression of the antimicrobial agents. The result is an effective prevention of microbial colonization. The epithelial cells recognize the pathogen-associated patterns on microbes by surface receptors such as CD14 and Toll-like receptors. Subsequent signal transduction pathways have been identified which result in the increased transcription of host defense response genes. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, or environmental exposures such as the inhalation of air pollution particles, may create an environment that impairs the expression or activity of the host defenses in the airway. This can lead to increased susceptibility to airway infections.
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Abnormal repair processes of the airway epithelium leading to abnormal organization and integrity of the respiratory epithelium, with subsequent perturbations in innate immune functions, have been proposed as key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases such as asthma and COPD.
“Abnormal repair processes of the airway epithelium leading to abnormal organization and integrity of the respiratory epithelium, with subsequent perturbations in innate immune functions, have been proposed as key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases such as asthma (38, 48) and COPD (221).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [48]
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The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses
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- Authors
- Diamond, G., Legarda, D., & Ryan, L. K.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- Corresponding author
- Diamond, Gill
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 173
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 27-38
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2157109210
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 5.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29hl053400-03)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL53400)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Keywords
- respiratory epithelium, innate immunity, antimicrobial peptides, antimicrobial proteins, Toll-like receptors, CD14, phagocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediators, cystic fibrosis, microbial colonization
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Anti-Infective Agents, Bronchi, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Phagocytes, Signal Transduction, Inflammation Mediators, Respiratory Mucosa
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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