"Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes.
Abstract
The present research suggests that automatic and controlled intergroup biases can be modified through diversity education. In 2 experiments, students enrolled in a prejudice and conflict seminar showed significantly reduced implicit and explicit anti-Black biases, compared with control students. The authors explored correlates of prejudice and stereotype reduction. In each experiment, seminar students' implicit and explicit change scores positively covaried with factors suggestive of affective and cognitive processes, respectively. The findings show the malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes and suggest that these may effectively be changed through affective processes.
Cites (69)
- Untitled work1954
- Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association testGreenwald, Anthony G., McGhee, Debbie E., Schwartz, Jordan L. K. · 1998 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.Zajonc, R. B. · 1980 · American Psychologist
- Handbook of Social Psychology2013 · Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research
- Attitudinal Effects of Mere ExposureZajonc, Robert B. · 1968 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypesGreenwald, Anthony G., Banaji, Mahzarin R. · 1995 · Psychological Review
- Untitled work1999
- INTERGROUP CONTACT THEORYPettigrew, Thomas F. · 1998 · Annual Review of Psychology
- Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled componentsDevine, Patricia G. · 1989 · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- A Theory of Psychological ReactanceTorrance, E. Paul, Brehm, Jack W. · 1968 · The American Journal of Psychology
Cited by (38)
- Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male studentsMoss-Racusin, Corinne A., Dovidio, John F., Brescoll, Victoria L., Graham, Mark J., Handelsman, Jo · 2012 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Untitled work2003 · 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145225
- A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self-report measuresHofmann, Wilhelm, Gawronski, Bertram, Gschwendner, Tobias, Le, Huy, Schmitt, Manfred · 2005 · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Prejudice Reduction: What Works? A Review and Assessment of Research and PracticePaluck, Elizabeth Levy, Green, Donald P. · 2009 · Annual Review of Psychology
- Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking interventionDevine, Patricia G., Forscher, Patrick S., Austin, Anthony J., Cox, William T.L. · 2012 · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: "Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.856
- The paper
- Rudman, L. A., Ashmore, R. D., & Gary, M. L. (2001). "Unlearning" automatic biases: The malleability of implicit prejudice and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.856
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.