Brain-computer communication: Unlocking the locked in.

Abstract

With the increasing efficiency of life-support systems and better intensive care, more patients survive severe injuries of the brain and spinal cord. Many of these patients experience locked-in syndrome: The active mind is locked in a paralyzed body. Consequently, communication is extremely restricted or impossible. A muscle-independent communication channel overcomes this problem and is realized through a brain-computer interface, a direct connection between brain and computer. The number of technically elaborated brain-computer interfaces is in contrast with the number of systems used in the daily life of locked-in patients. It is hypothesized that a profound knowledge and consideration of psychological principles are necessary to make brain-computer interfaces feasible for locked-in patients.

Cites (7)

1. An inventory for measuring depression
   BECK, A. T. · 1961 · Archives of General Psychiatry
2. Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory
   Shiffrin, Richard M., Schneider, Walter · 1977 · Psychological Review
3. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation.
   Deci, Edward L., Koestner, Richard, Ryan, Richard M. · 1999 · Psychological Bulletin
4. Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?
   Donchin, Emanuel, Coles, Michael G. H. · 1988 · Behavioral and Brain Sciences
5. CORTICAL PLASTICITY: From Synapses to Maps
   Buonomano, Dean V., Merzenich, Michael M. · 1998 · Annual Review of Neuroscience
6. A spelling device for the paralysed
   Birbaumer, N., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Perelmouter, J., Taub, E., Flor, H. · 1999 · Nature
7. Altered States of Consciousness
   2012 · SpringerReference

Show all 7 references

Cited by (31)

1. Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control
   Wolpaw, Jonathan R, Birbaumer, Niels, McFarland, Dennis J, Pfurtscheller, Gert, Vaughan, Theresa M · 2002 · Clinical Neurophysiology
2. A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces
   Lotte, F, Congedo, M, Lécuyer, A, Lamarche, F, Arnaldi, B · 2007 · Journal of Neural Engineering
3. Brain Computer Interfaces, a Review
   Nicolas-Alonso, Luis Fernando, Gomez-Gil, Jaime · 2012 · Sensors
4. Brain–machine interfaces: past, present and future
   Lebedev, Mikhail A., Nicolelis, Miguel A.L. · 2006 · Trends in Neurosciences
5. Review of the BCI Competition IV
   Tangermann, Michael, Müller, Klaus-Robert, Aertsen, Ad, Birbaumer, Niels, Braun, Christoph, Brunner, Clemens, Leeb, Robert, Mehring, Carsten, Miller, Kai J., Müller-Putz, Gernot R. et al. · 2012 · Frontiers in Neuroscience

See all 553