The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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“It was during this period that Flavell (1979) coined the term metacognition to describe the development of children‟s knowledge about the mind.”
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“Metacognition, as defined by Flavell (1979) is an awareness, evaluation, and adaptation of ones thinking process, that can be developed in a preparatory curriculum.”
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“It is organized around six major conditions influencing learning (FLAVELL, 1979).”
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“Metacognitive studies differentiate between metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience, and strategy use (Flavell, 1979, 1985; Flavell & Wellman, 1977).”
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McCallum, R. S., McKinney, W., Gilmore, A. C., et al. (1985) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346488500400209 · Cited by 1
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“Le guide d’entretien de 36 questions portait sur les trois types de connaissances métacognitives établis par les travaux de Flavell (1979) : les connaissances métacognitives de la personne (metacognitive person knowledge MTK) qui représentent l’ensemble des croyances intra et interindividuelles…”
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“Creo que las experiencias de traducir entre sistemas de siinbolos, en especial en Ia medida en que el alumna es consciente del proceso, puede contribuir al desarrollo de Ia capacidad metacognitiva y de las tecnicas resolutorias de pro blemas de mayor envergadura (Flavell, 1979).”
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“…is sometimes conceptualized as broader than cognition) is defined as an individual’s awareness, knowledge, and control over his or her cognitions and behaviors (Flavell, 1979; Martinez, 2006), and includes planning, monitoring, and revising behavior (Brown, Bransford, Ferrara, & Campione, 1983).”
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“On the other hand, metacognitive experiences can activate strategies at either cognitive levels (to make cognitive progress) or metacognitive levels (to monitor), affect metacogntive knowledge by deleting, adding or revising, and change the goals by abandoning or revising an old one, or establishing a new one (Flavell…”
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“8 Metacognition is a conscious awareness of one’s own understanding of a topic (Biggs 1988, Bransford et al. 2000, Bjork et al. 2013, Flavell 1979, Hacker et al. 1998, Kamp et al. 2015, Kornell and Bjork 2007, Metcalfe 2008, Vadhan and Stander 1994, Zohar and Barzilai 2013).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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