The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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Walraven, A., & Lazonder, A. W. (2005) · University of Twente Research Information
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“Metacognition is the knowledge and the regulation of cognitive activity of a person in the learning process [10].”
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“The effective use of self-regulation helps a student oversee his or her learning process by interpreting requirements, planning and monitoring ongoing cognitive activities, and comparing outcomes with internal and external standards [2].”
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Yang, L., Yin, S., Hu, M., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1708.06746
“In the following discussion we present some novel findings on ATCOs’ performance, which reflect their metacognition (Flavell, 1979) dynamics.”
BackgroundFriedman, M. C. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Failure to update metacognitive control in response to expected retention intervals
Fiechter, J. L. (2015) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Collaborative Metacognition in a Signal Detection Task
Duncan-Reid, J., & McCarley, J. S. (2017) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601761
“task should best be undertaken, and how likely it is to be successful (Flavell, 1979).”
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Hsissi, A., Allali, H., & Hajami, A. (2017) · Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.14738/tmlai.54.2968
“H Flavell in his research on meta memory functioning [1], it is defined in a large quantities of research papers, as thinking about thinking, or cognition about cognition.”
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Altıntaş, M., Durmaz, E., & Çiftçi, F. (2017) · International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research · doi:10.24289/ijsser.335310
Mariátegui, R. P. (2017) · Universidad de Lima · doi:10.26439/ulima.tesis/3624
Wolf, A. D. (2017) · doi:10.7916/d8h13dhv
“…Allocation The construct of metacognition is a central component of higher order cognitive functioning that consists of the knowledge and regulation of one’s own thinking, or the monitoring and control of one’s own cognitions (Dunlosky & Ariel, 2011; Flavell, 1979; Nelson & Narens, 1990).”
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Xu, K. (2017) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.110823
Developing an 'outdoor inspired' indoor experiential mathematics activity
Burrell, A., McCready, J., Munshi, Z., et al. (2017) · MSOR Connections · doi:10.21100/msor.v16i1.351
Olesh, R. (2016) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Strategic Vocabulary Learning as a Complex Dynamic System
Wang, I. K.-H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65963-3_5
METACOGNITIVE ACCURACY AND LEARNING TO LEARN: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Bakračevič, K. (2012) · Problems of Education in the 21st Century · doi:10.33225/pec/12.46.15
Jottings: An Approach to Guiding Reading in the Elementary Classroom
Knight, J. A., & Justesen, H. A. (2017) · The Reading Teacher · doi:10.1002/trtr.1666
Special session: Fostering metacognition development in a STEM context
Evans, J. J., Seipel, J. E., Smith, M. T., et al. (2017) · 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie.2017.8190686
“The idea is to encourage the participants to compare and contrast each other’s perceptions based on their individual application of their cognitive and metacognitive capabilities, where “Metacognitive experiences are any conscious cognitive or affective experiences that accompany and pertain to any intellectual enterp…”
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METACOGNITIVE TRANSFERENCE: WHAT PORTFOLIOS TELL US ABOUT CONTEXTUALIZED MATHEMATICS
van der Walt, M., Jagals, D., & Potgieter, E. (2017) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa)
Ranjbar, S., & Heidar, D. M. (2016)
Compresión y aprendizaje de textos
Gladys Stella López, J. (2017) · Ánfora · doi:10.30854/anf.v5.n10.1997.371
Απόψεις φοιτητών/-τριών για τη σημασία των γραπτών εργασιών στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση
Σπατιώτη, Α. Γ. (2017) · Διεθνές Συνέδριο για την Ανοικτή & εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευση · doi:10.12681/icodl.941
The development of Metacognition test in genetics laboratory for undergraduate students
A-nongwech, N., & Pruekpramool, C. (2018) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.5019492
Breakey, M. G. (2017) · UTC Scholar (University of Tennessee at Chattanooga)
Student Engagement in the First Year of Higher Education: The Influence of Temporal Orientation
Horstmanshof, L. (2008) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/3002
Foster, I. (2016) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · doi:10.17635/lancaster/thesis/121
Metacognition and decision making : a Brunswikian analysis
Schaefer, P. S. (2003)
Stålheim, J. (2018) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
López, C., & Real, J. C. (2017) · RIO (Universidad Pablo de Olavide)
Nugroho, E. (2018) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/6387
“Flavell (1979) declared that metacognitive refers to one’s knowledge concerning one’s own cognitive processes or anything related to them.”
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Shetty, G. S. (2010)
Entraînement au monitoring métacognitif et performances à l’université
Wagener, B. (2018) · Psychologie Française · doi:10.1016/j.psfr.2017.12.001
Investigating the impact of learning from hypermedia
Vovides, Y. (2003) · The Library of Electronic Cyprus Thematic Organized Collections (LYKYTHOS) (University of Cyprus)
Changes in Metacognitive Knowledge through Extensive Reading
Sugita, M. (2018) · Journal of Extensive Reading
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Moritz, S., & Jelinek, L. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000209
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The Use of Writing as a Metacognitive Tool in Geometry Learning
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PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION PROPOSALS BE FACED WITH IN TURKISH S EDUCATION PROCESS
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Satariyan, A., Reynolds, B., & Kember, D. R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0511-5_13
“This concept was first introduced by Flavell (1979) who talked about ‘cognition as a cognitive phenomenon’ or ‘thinking about thinking’. In other studies, metacognition is defined as the knowledge and regulation of cognition (Schraw, 2001; Schraw & Moshman, 1995). Peirce (2003) explains metacognition as: An appreciati…”
BackgroundMongkolrat, R. (2017) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado)
Kim, Y.-I., & 최문홍 (2018) · The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal · doi:10.24303/lakdoi.2018.26.1.97
The Pragmatics of Confidence in Perceptual and Value-based Choice
Folke, N. E. T. (2017) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.22112
“Confidence is closely related to metacognition, which is defined as the ability of a cognitive system to monitor its own performance (Flavell, 1979; Fleming, Dolan, & Frith, 2012).”
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Komaria, N., a, S., Yushardi, A., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/7149
“As described above, every aspect of metacognition skills has a relationship from one to another (Flavell 1979).”
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“THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The concept of metacognition was first proposed by an American psychologist named Flavell (1979) and Flavell believes that metacognition is about the cognitive process and result of the subject itself, or all related knowledge.”
BackgroundŠafranj, J., Gojkov-Rajić, A., & Katić, M. (2018) · Nastava i vaspitanje · doi:10.5937/nasvas1801147s
“The term is most often linked to John Flavell (Flavell, 1976; 1979), who found that a wide 1 E-mail: savetas@uns.ac.rs Keywords: spectrum of cognitive production occurs through the actions and reactions of four classes of phenomena: meta-cognitive knowledge, meta-cognitive experiences, goals and tasks, and actions or…”
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“Algunos docentes combinaron la taxonomía de Bloom con las ideas de metacognición de Flavell (1979), y cómo este concepto podría incluso prosperar cuestionando y proporcionando argumentos.”
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“In the simplest terms, metacognition is thinking about one’s thinking, or cognition about one’s cognition (Flavell, 1979).”
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Hilaliah, N. (2017) · Repository at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
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Management of Intercultural Relations in an Intercultural Organization
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Strategic Cognition of Social Media in Business-Customer Interaction
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Can person-centred learning facilitation be integrated into counselling?
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Writing in Times of Deixis: A Validation Study of a Large-Scale Assessment of New Literacies
Corrigan, J. A. (2019) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-22948 · Cited by 1
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“Psychologist Flavell (1979) proposed the concept of metacognition.”
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Metacognitive Strategy for Training Analytic Reading of English Fictional/Literary Texts
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““Knowledge and cognition about cognitive phenomena” (Flavell, 1979, p. 906).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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