The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 8,401–8,500 of 10,404
Educational Research Association
Cognitive, D. (1998)
Anggarwati, M. L., Effendy, E., & Santoso, A. (2020) · Jurnal Pendidikan Teori Penelitian dan Pengembangan · doi:10.17977/jptpp.v5i8.13927
“Menurut Flavell (1979) metakognitif berkaitan dengan aktivitas berpikir yang menyangkut fenomena kognitif.”
BackgroundCognition and Its Impairment in Schizophrenia and Related Psychotic Disorders
Keshavan, M. S., & Eack, S. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163682.003
Promotion of Student Metacognition in ELL: A Distant Dream or a Near RealityPreprint
Jeyaraj, J. S. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3486734
" مدى ممارسة معلم الریاضیات لاستراتیجیات ما وراء لمعرفة اثناء تدریس المشکلة الریاضیة اللفظیة"
الشهـــــری, م. ب. ع. ع. (2012) · دراسات عربية في التربية و علم النفس · doi:10.21608/saep.2012.50728
العلاقة بين مکونات ما وراء المعرفة والتحصيل الأکاديمي لدى أطفال التمهيدي
الحداد, ش. ص. ع., & طيبة, ن. ج. ع. (2021) · المجلة العربية لإعلام وثقافة الطفل · doi:10.21608/jacc.2021.168531
L2 Expository Text Reading Instruction: A Graphic Organiser-Based Methodology
Sharpe, M. (2021) · Studies in English Language Teaching · doi:10.22158/selt.v9n3p1
Emergence of Metacognitive Knowledge via Audible Pupil Size
de Rooij, A., Wijers, I., & Marinussen, M. (2021) · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics · doi:10.1145/3452853.3452870 · Cited by 2
“Sustained focused attention, for example, may coincide with a prediction error that signals better task performance in the analytical, but not the creative aspects of a task, encoding knowledge about differences in the efficacy of sustained attention for analytical and creative thinking [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialDistinct Origins of Two-order Hierarchical Cognitive Abilities in Human AdultsPreprint
Jiang, S., Sun, F., Yuan, P., Jiang, Y., & Wan, X. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.18.444677
Role of automatic, conscious, and unconscious thought processes in complex decision making
Levačić, D., Pandžić, M., & Glavaš, D. (1970) · Primenjena psihologija · doi:10.19090/pp.2021.1.33-52
Villa, M. G. (2020) · Repository Technological University of Pereira (Technological University of Pereira)
The Relationship Between Mobile Phone Use, Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Achievement
Döş, B. (2019) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Future Research in English Education: Some Modest Proposals
Peters, W. H. (1983) · English Education · doi:10.58680/ee198315104
Who Responds Best? Predictors and Moderators of Cognitive Enhancement
Keshavan, M. S., & Eack, S. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163682.010
Individual and Group Approaches to Cognitive Enhancement
Keshavan, M. S., & Eack, S. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163682.008
Effect of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder on Word Stem Completion Test (WSCT) and Cognitive Processes
Çim, E. F. A., Aydın, A., Atlı, A., & Kurhan, F. (2020) · Kafkas Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5505/kjms.2020.56767
Uma investigação didático-pedagógica no âmbito da aprendizagem cooperativa
Feitosa, F. E. D. S., & Igliori, S. B. C. (2021) · Revista Eletrônica de Educação Matemática · doi:10.5007/1981-1322.2021.e75085
Using Activism to Cultivate Social and Emotional Learning in the English Language Arts Classroom
Spinner, E. (2021) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7464-5.ch008
Apego, neurocognición y cognición social en el espectro de la esquizofrenia
Monfort-Escrig, C. (2021) · doi:10.6035/14109.2021.151500
Metacognitive strategy for continuous self-education of cadets of a military university
Chernomazov, I. (2021) · CITISE · doi:10.15350/2409-7616.2021.1.07
“Флейвелла о «совокупности знаний человека об основных особенностях познавательной сферы и способах её контроля» [19].”
Gândirea critică – o competență transversală în contextul învățământului modern
Schiopu, L. B. (2019) · Revistă de Ştiinţe Socio-Umane = Journal of Social and Human Sciences · doi:10.46727/jshs.2019.v41.i1.p17-25
Carcione, A., Colle, L., & Semerari, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70455-1_2
Exploring Metacognitive Discourse Within Social Intuition Theory
Thompson, R. B., & Bernacchio, C. P. (2021) · Advances in linguistics and communication studies · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7439-3.ch005
Graduate Students' Perceptions on Their Metacognitive Awareness in Academic Writing
Wijaya, K. F. (2021) · ELT Echo The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context · doi:10.24235/eltecho.v6i1.7957
Diebig, K., Jahn, S., & Clausen, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-32694-4_10
Pérez-Elguera, A. V. (2021) · Polo del Conocimiento · doi:10.23857/pc.v6i7.2879
Theosophical duty as an alternative to the risk society
Kaltseva, A. D. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.15159k
高校生に対するソーシャルスキル・トレーニングの 標的スキルの定着化への取り組み
雄一郎, 星., & 弥生, 渡. (2016) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.34587/jsep.18.1_11
The relation of “positive psychotherapy” and art in the process of therapy
Dimitrova, L. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.19195d
Nuhanović, A., & Pašić, J. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.05043n
Georgoulas, N. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.17179g
A few notes on the book “Call me by your name” by André Aciman
Mašát, M., & Štěpánková, A. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.02011m
Socio-economic and spiritual-religious specifics of the Syrian Kurds
Chukov, V. S. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.07065c
Korea, M. D. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.11107d
Social aspects of the intra-EU mobility
Koev, K., & Popova, A. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.16169k
Korea, M. D., & Avramidi, A. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.12121a
Frisz-Conlon, A. M. (2021) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/85773
A case analysis of political discourse ambivalence: Between the truth and falsity
Gurevich, L. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.14149g
Carr-White, N. (2021) · Australasian Journal of Paramedicine
Zhan, S. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT)
Strategies for Lessening the Cognitive Load of Graduate Students Engaged in Major Writing Projects
Matteson, S. M. (2021) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7267-2.ch013
Marquez, J. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.04027m
Galochkina, T. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.10101g
The role of rhetorical activity in the development of students’ metacognitive competence
Vorobiova, A. (2021) · Humanities science current issues · doi:10.24919/2308-4863/37-1-34
The place of Philo of Alexandria in the history of philosophy
Shavulev, G. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.21205s
سمعان, ش. ن. (2020) · دراسات في الارشاد النفسي والتربوي · doi:10.21608/dapt.2020.186017
Evaluative methodology to develop higher skills
Aravena-Gaete, M., Noya, D. F., Ruete, D., & Leal, D. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.03015a
New dimensions of the perception and experience of time in conditions of the global risk society
Petkova, T. V. (2021) · International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.06049p
HATAKENAKA, T., HARADA, Y., & KUSABA, M. (2021) · Journal of Research in Science Education · doi:10.11639/sjst.sp20019
Assessing Metacognition Awareness of Freshmen Engineering Students
Dawood, M., Shareef, E., Boren, R., et al. (2021) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--36710
A Keyword-Based Exploratory Search Framework Exploiting User Tagging
이강표 (2012) · Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)
Benabed, A., & Chaima, B. (2021) · فصل الخطاب
Reflection As An Essential Component of Medical Education
Moin, S. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
Aydin, B. (2021) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · doi:10.5038/9781955833042 · Cited by 2
Pharmacological Approaches in the Augmentation and Recovery of Brain Function
Muresanu, D. F., Bîrle, C., Popa, L. L., Verișezan-Roșu, O., & Strilciuc, Ș. (2021) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54564-2_30
Shukla, D. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3169073
Meta-cognitive Strategies Based on Intellectualized Management System in College Listening Learning
Gu, L., & Ling, W. (2021) · International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology (IEIT) · doi:10.1109/ieit53597.2021.00071
Jiang, Y. H. (2021) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University)
العبیدی, أ. ع. م. أ., & إشراف, أ. د. ن. غ. ا. ا. (2021) · دراسات عربية في التربية و علم النفس · doi:10.21608/saep.2021.192681
Magwenzi, K. N. (2000) · Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University)
Mani, M. (2021) · SPAST Abstracts
Research in Cognitive Enhancement
Keshavan, M. S., & Eack, S. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108163682.013
Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Mathematics Word Problem Solving with English Learners
Jones, L. (2019) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Prinzip zum Schreiben von Lernjournalen
Philipp, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33253-2_7
Brycz, M., & Brycz, H. W. (2021) · JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES · doi:10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-3/17
“, 2012; Efklides & Valachopoulos, 2012; Flavell, 1979; Koriat, 2007; Schwarz, 2015; Nelson & Narens, 1990; See Petty & Fabrigar, 2008).”
Narrative bridges to understanding the experiences of a teacher.
Stephan, R. L. (2009) · doi:10.82465/6359
25 Years of HOW: A Celebration of Language Teaching and Learning
Solarte, A. C. S. (2021) · HOW · doi:10.19183/how.28.3.675
“In its early days, metacognition was described as thinking about thinking (Flavell, 1979).”
Kinoshita, H., Matsuura, T., & Kadoya, S. (2021) · Information and Technology in Education and Learning · doi:10.12937/itel.1.1.trans.p005
“Flavell’s [1] studies mainly related to memory and indicated that metacognition plays an important role in self-instruction and self-control, including such aspects as memory and attention.”
BackgroundJak inteligentnie kontrolować swoje zachowania? Siła woli w życiu codziennym
Jędrzejczyk, J. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial02
Measuring Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies of Higher Level Learners
Khatri, K. K. (2021) · Rupantaran A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.3126/rupantaran.v5i01.39847
“The term “metacognitive awareness” or “metacognition” is often defined simply as “cognition about cognition” (Flavell, 1979) in cognitive psychology and in learning theories in the instructional sciences.”
BackgroundBecoming Visible: Improving Reading Comprehension at the Middle Level
Norell, K. M. (2017)
Łowicki, P. (2021) · Wydawnictwo Liberi Libri eBooks · doi:10.47943/lib.9788363487515.rozdzial07
Безгодова, С. А., Vasilieva, S. V., & Miklyaeva, A. V. (2021) · Izvestia Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences · doi:10.33910/1992-6464-2021-201-20-35
Balsa, A. I., Cid, A., & Zardo, A. L. (2019) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Rottleuthner-Lutter, M. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70489-5_7
Metacognitively ALERT In SciencePreprint
Willison, J., Draper, C., Fornarino, L., Li, M., Sabri, T., Shi, Y., & Zhao, X. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-975418/v1
Wahyudi, D., Anggo, M., & Misu, L. (2021) · Jurnal Pembelajaran Berpikir Matematika (Journal of Mathematics Thinking Learning) · doi:10.33772/jpbm.v6i1.18611
Jagals, D. (2021) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2021.bk280.06
Sharma, N. (2021) · University of Canterbury Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/12043
Schwartz, M., Assad, H., & Deeb, I. (2021) · Linguistics and Education · doi:10.1016/j.linged.2021.100959
مدکور, أ. م. د. أ. ف. خ., & العزب, ه. ع. ف. (2021) · Al-Mağallah Al-Dawliyyaẗ Lil Taʿlim Al-Iliktirūnī · doi:10.21608/ijel.2021.203320
Ochilova, V. R. (2021) · Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal · doi:10.37547/social-fsshj-01-03-04
Kamanga, E. H., Beer, J. J. D., & Lubbe, A. (2021) · NWU self-directed learning series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2021.bk280.10
Oyonbleg, & Tsuge, M. (2021) · The Japanese Journal of Special Education · doi:10.6033/tokkyou.59.11
Vafadar, H. (2018) · Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Metacognitive Awareness in Job-Related Reading.
Noe, K. L. S. (1988)
Abordaje narrativo de la psicomotricidad: acción, palabra, narración
Mas, J. S. (2009) · Revista iberoamericana de psicomotricidad y técnicas corporales
メタ認知を促す方略の研究 : 「総合的な学習の時間」における問題解決過程に着目して
古賀智子 (2005) · 日本科学教育学会研究会研究報告 · doi:10.14935/jsser.20.1_9
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
