The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
Cited by
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Metacognição: entre a mobilização e a transferência de conhecimento interdisciplinar
Gonçalves, E. J. D. A., & Trindade, R. (2010) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Cooperative rule-learning: a metacognitive interpretation
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Attualità di Giuseppe Parini: poesia e impegno civile
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Cognitive Therapies for Refractory Schizophrenia
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Software Engineers’ Mental Processes for Problem Solving
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Capturing potential learning sequences in intercultural interactions through telecollaboration
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Asfestani, M. A., Nagel, J., Beer, S. A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/tvcx6
Enhancing Reading Skill Through Apptone Learning
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“Therefore, this study has used the metacognition theory by John Flavell (1979), who is believed to be the 'father of the field' and focuses only on the pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling, and the reading tone of the students.”
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Skein, E., Knospe, Y., & Sullivan, K. P. H. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch082
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Sharjeel, M. Y., Khan, E., Kiazai, A. N., et al. (2018) · Al-Burz · doi:10.54781/abz.v10i1.62
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Khodjakulova, N. (2022) · Bulletin of Science and Practice · doi:10.33619/2414-2948/74/49
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Block, Access, Success, Engagement: Design Considerations for Learning Environments
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Mikulas, L. C. (2017) · doi:10.17760/d20335141
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Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Jalili, C., Asadi, S., Solaimanizadeh, L., ایران, د. ت. آ. ب. و. ا. س. گ. پ. د. پ. و. م. د. ع. پ. و. خ. ب. د. ب. ک., & Jalilian, F. (2019) · Pajouhan Scientific Journal · doi:10.52547/psj.17.3.48
Development of metacognitive skill in teaching mathematics
Yernazar, A. (2020) · Proceedings of International Young Scholars Workshop · doi:10.47344/iysw.v9i0.181
“rational thinking skills? Flavell and others (1995) believed that if the learning process is brought to a conscious level, we will be able to help children better understand their own thought process and help them control or master the organization of their own learning.”
BackgroundSathish, K., & Subramanian, A. (2022) · IARJSET · doi:10.17148/iarjset.2022.9125
(2021) · The American Pharmacists Association eBooks · doi:10.21019/9781582123189.ch5
Jones, J. P., & McCONNELL, D. A. (2022) · Journal of Geoscience Education · doi:10.1080/10899995.2022.2028519
“Metacognition represents a student’s ability to recognize the workings and characteristics of their knowledge and thought processes (Flavell, 1979) and can be an important influence on student learning.”
BackgroundXavier, C. S., Peixoto, M. A. P., da Veiga, L. L. D. A., et al. (2022) · Perspectivas em Diálogo revista de educação e sociedade · doi:10.55028/pdres.v9i19.13195
Metacognitive Strategy on Students’ Literal and Inferential Comprehension in L2 Reading
Putri, N. O., Sutisna, E., & Wahyuni, A. (2021) · Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan · doi:10.55215/pedagogia.v13i2.4506
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Approaches to Assessment and Monitoring Treatment Response
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Choosing the Right Treatment for the Right Patient
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Getting Ready for Cognitive Enhancement
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(1993) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1993.tb00413.x
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“Flavell (1979) describes three components of metacognition including metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategies, and metacognitive experiences.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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