The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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“The following theoretical framework, is informed by sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 1978), Flavell metacognition theory [4], Pintrich [19]’s informal assessment dialogue and incorporates flipped inquiry [16], [20] based dialogic [21] teaching and learning, within the context of teaching [6], [22] relating Anderson [5]…”
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Personalising Professionalism: Balance, Risk, Chance, Change…
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“While the work of Hargrove (2013), Pureyear (2015) , Flavell (1979), Yunli, Clapp-Smith, & Shaffer (2017) was all discussed as it related to Miyamoto and Miyazaki’s creativity, a vital next step would be conducting historical and ethnographic studies of Nintendo and Studio Ghibli through a metacognitive lens. Addition…”
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“As the process continues the pupil will be able to apply these methods and information in other fields of knowledge as well, constituting a stage of reflective thinking by definition (Brown, 1987; Flavel, 1979).”
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Metacognition and Developing Understanding of Simple Astronomical Events
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“…que ajustar sus procesos mentales para adquirir y utilizar los conocimientos que se presentan en el aula, este proceso se puede definir como una actividad consciente de introspección en el alumno en torno a cualquier aspecto cognitivo, se puede decir que es; pensar sobre pensar (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundEnhancing Reading Motivation in Schools
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“Jadual 2: Empat kelas fenomena dalam Model Pemantauan Kognitif Flavell (1979) Kelas Fenomena Pengertian Pengetahuan Meta Kognitif Pengetahuan yang disimpan dalam ingatan manusia.”
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Herrington, C. G. (2014)
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“상위인지는 학 습을 비롯한 인지적 활동에 대해 개인이 가지고 있는 지식 (metacognitive knowledge)과 인지적 활동을 스스로 조절하 는 능력(metacognitive regulation) 모두를 포함하는 개념이다 (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1979).”
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BackgroundICC cultivation in a multiform course mode
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“…to perceive and correct one’s errors in thinking, to critically evaluate the results of cognitive processes, and to consciously plan future activities (Flavell 1979; Kanevsky, Geake 2004) SŁOWA KLUCZE metapoznanie, refleksja epistemologiczna, koncepcje wiedzy i uczenia się, kultura…”
BackgroundPapadopoulos, I., Jirotková, D., Slezáková, J., et al. (2020) · Pedagogika · doi:10.14712/23362189.2020.1668
“) Th is was an eff ective and smart metacognitive action in the sense of Flavell’s (1979) ‘thinking about thinking’ that allows the solver to select appropriate strategies to adjust their behaviour to changing task demands and make use of the awareness of previously gained knowledge (Montague, 1992).”
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“Psychological research based on the concept of metacognitive monitoring (Flavell, 1979; Main, 1991) also suggests, albeit through a different disciplinary lens than that of Stern’s neuroscience and developmental psychology, the existence of a conscious experience independent of representations…”
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“He further states that the metacognitive knowledge can be divided into 3 parts as, person variables, task variables and strategy variables [17].”
BackgroundMisu, L., & Salam, M. (2020) · Universal Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.082636
“Meanwhile, the profile of metacognition in understanding the integral concept is of course reviewed in two categories, namely metacognitive knowledge consisting of declarative knowledge, procedural knowledge and conditional knowledge [12, 13], and metacognition skills consisting of planning, monitoring and evaluation…”
BackgroundGreenspon, R., Teresevičienė, M., & Naujokaitienė, J. (2020) · EDEN Conference Proceedings · doi:10.38069/edenconf-2020-rw-0013
“Furthermore, it should be noted that metacognition comprises two elements, such as a metacognitive experience and metacognitive knowledge, which refers to knowledge about certain cognitive processes and knowledge, controlling a variety of different cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979; 1987).”
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“Flavell (1979) already made a distinction between metacognitive knowledge, experiences and metacognitive skills.”
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“Metacognition, or the knowledge and control of one’s own cognitions, has served as an excellent tool and perspective when teaching students across disciplines and ages (Flavell, 1979).”
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Shofiyah, N., Zannah, M., & Wulandari, F. E. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012101
“Thinking involves cognitive knowledge and cognitive regulation [2].”
BackgroundJannah, R., Surjanti, J., & Kurniawan, R. Y. (2020) · Journal Intellectual Sufism Research (JISR) · doi:10.52032/jisr.v3i1.82
“Metacognitive which was introduced by Flavell (1976) defines metacognitive as a person's ability to know and understand the process and how to learn on their own.”
BackgroundInfluentialFazira, S. K., Sukoriyanto, S., & Rahardjo, S. (2021) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0043385
CUIDADO E PREVENÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: RELATO DE UMA ATIVIDADE METACOGNITIVA
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Bashayreh, L. A. M. (2018) · Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
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Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Research on Early Childhood Development
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Cognitive position of students with different educational directions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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