The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
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In the citing paper
“Collectively, these skills enable students to regulate their bidirectional relations with their contexts by processing, manipulating, and refining information; organize and recognize patterns in information; evaluate their thinking and learning strategies; intentionally transfer knowledge to new situations; and apply knowledge to solve increasingly complex problems (e.g., Flavell, 1979;Lai, 2011).”
From Malleability, plasticity, and individuality: How children learn and develop in context1 (2019) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“metacognitive feedback which prompts learners to reflect, track their progress, and develop self-regulated learning (SRL) skills.”
From Directive, metacognitive, or a blend of both? A comparison of AI-generated feedback types on student engagement, confidence, and outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“This level of metacognitive engagement ' thinking about one's own thinking' is a hallmark of high-impact learning experiences (Flavell, 1979).”
From Co-creating custom GPTs: an autoethnographic study of undergraduate students as partners in generative AI innovation (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognition-cognition about cognition-encompasses the knowledge, monitoring, and regulation of one's own cognitive processes (Flavell, 1979).”
From The Metacognitive Paradox of AI-Assisted Creativity: A Theoretical Extension (2026) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Hence, metacognition can be divided into two components, knowledge of cognition and regulation of cognition (Flavell, 1979; Schraw, 1998; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw & Sperling Dennison, 1994).”
From University students' Motivated Attention and use of regulation strategies on social media (2015) · cites this paper as Flavell, 1979
In the citing paper
“Metacognitive knowledge and experiences are interrelated [64].”
From The Metacognitive Demands and Opportunities of Generative AI (2024) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“A fifth potential barrier to insight is metacognition, or the processes which allow persons to be aware of and form integrated and complex ideas about the self and others.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
Citations
Cites
Knowing when, where, and how to remember ; A problem of metacognition
Brown, A. L. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,469
Perspectives on the Development of Memory and Cognition
Kail, R. V., & Hagen, J. W. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 927
An Interview Study of Children's Knowledge about Memory
Kreutzer, M. A., Leonard, C., Flavell, J. H., & Hagen, J. W. (1975) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1165955 · Cited by 514
Self-citationRealizing That You Don't Understand: A Preliminary Investigation
Markman, E. M. (1977) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1977.tb01257.x · Cited by 415
Developmental changes in memorization processes
Flavell, J. H., Friedrichs, A. G., & Hoyt, J. D. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90019-8 · Cited by 401
Self-citationBrown, A. L., Campione, J. C., & Barclay, C. R. (1979) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1979.tb04135.x · Cited by 185
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“Metacognitive monitoring refers to learners’ capacity to assess their comprehension, identify areas of difficulty, and monitor their language learning progress (Flavell, 1979).”
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“This type of knowledge constitutes a critical component of the metacognition concept (Flavell, 1979).”
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“Two separate components may be distinguished under the category of metacognition: The idea of metacognition, according to Flavell (41), refers to a person's comprehension and knowledge of their own cognitive processes.”
BackgroundEscorcia, D. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394296866.refs
Odofin, T., Urien, J., & Obro, S. (2024) · Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) · doi:10.11591/edulearn.v18i4.21605
“Flavell [33], the pioneer of metacognitive research, defined metacognition at the level of an individual's awareness and comprehension of their own mental operations and the results thereof, or anything connected to it.”
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“According to Flavell (1979:1), metacognitive knowledge is ‘our knowledge about ourselves and others as cognitive agents, about tasks, actions or strategies, and how all these interact to affect the outcome of any sort of intellectual enterprise.’”
BackgroundConceptual framework on metacognitive skills
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“The intricacies оf acquiring a fоreign language are clоsely interconnected with cоgnitive, metacоgnitive, and sоcial facets оf learning, particularly fоr EFL (English as a Fоreign Language) students (Flavell, 1979).”
BackgroundHorváth, L., & Fűzi, B. (2024) · Pedagógusképzés · doi:10.37205/tel-hun.2024.1.07
“…a problémameg-oldás kognitív képességei mellett különösen nagy fingyelmet kapott a metakogní - ció szerepe, vagyis az, hogy a diák hogyan gondolkodik saját gondolkodni tudásá-ról, mit tud, milyen módon ellenőrzi és szabályozza saját információfeldolgozási folyamatát (Flavell, 1979; Csíkos, 2007).”
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“Metacognitive knowledge includes beliefs or experiences about which features or elements influence each other and how the interaction impacts learning activities (Flavell, 1979).”
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“Flavell (1979), one of the earliest proponents of this concept, explained it as one's understanding and regulation of their cognitive activities in learning contexts, including planning, monitoring, and evaluating their understanding and performance.”
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“The term “metacognition” originally refers to the knowledge or skill related to the regulation of one’s cognitive activities in the learning process (Flavell, 1979; Brown, 1987).”
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“Mnohé výzkumy dále ukazují, že dobře vedená portfolia podporují rozvoj me-takognice (Bolliger & Shepherd, 2010), kterou chápeme jako znalost a řízení vlast-ních kognitivních aktivit a výsledků s nimi spojených (Flavell, 1979, s. 906).”
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“메타인지 개념을 처음 제시한 플라벨(Flavell, 1979)은 이를 ‘자기 생각에 대해 생각하는 능력’이라고 정의하였다.”
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“Online awareness facili - tates the appraisal of oneself within a given context (Flavell 1979 ), with impairment often translating to inappropriate or misguided actions (Frith 2012 ).”
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(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.prelim
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.ack
Notations used in the transcripts
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.glossary
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.toc
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.ai
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.refs
(2018) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.295.si
Hellig, P., Pillay, P., & Soobramoney, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4987215
Die Affektivität des Schreibenden beim Schreiben, um zu lernen
Galdames-Fermandois, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58979-9_7
Noipa, J., & Phusawisot, P. (2024) · World Journal of English Language · doi:10.5430/wjel.v15n2p263
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Noushad, P. P. (2024) · Springer texts in education · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0440-1_3
Metadata
- Authors
- Flavell, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flavell, John H.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 906-911
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2093950336
- Cited by
- 11,282
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1118 · 2025: 902 · 2024: 768 · 2023: 751 · 2022: 680 · 2021: 687 · 2020: 666 · 2019: 603 · 2018: 518 · 2017: 449 · 2016: 415 · 2015: 410 · 2014: 451 · 2013: 363 · 2012: 336
- FWCI
- 19.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- metacognition, cognitive monitoring, cognitive development, self-monitoring, metacognitive awareness
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