Cited by 965Human Behavior and MotivationPsychological Testing and AssessmentEducation, Achievement, and Giftedness

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How motives, skills, and values determine what people do.

McClelland, David C.·1985·American Psychologist

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

According to general behavior theory, motives, probability of success (or skill), and incentive value are three independent organismic determinants of excitatory potential (or the impulse to act) that combine with situational opportunity to determine response strength or response probability. Much con- fusion has been introduced into human motivation theory by investigators 'failure to measure separately motive strength (from coding operant thought) and incentive value (from value attitude questionnaires) and by their misuse of the term motivation. Moti- vation properly refers to an aroused motive, but they have broadened it to mean excitatory potential, which is determined partly by the aroused motive and partly by probability of success, incentive value, and other variables. Research is reviewed that dem- onstrates the importance of motivation, incentive value, and probability of success, independently mea- sured, for predicting achievement performance and the frequency with which affiliation acts are per- formed. Both theory and experiment lead to the conclusions that motive strength, particularly in re- lation to the strength of other motives in the person, is the more important determinant of operant act frequency, that incentive value is the more important determinant of cognitively based choices, that motive strength and probability of success combine multi- plicatively to predict response strength or probability, and that all determinants, plus this last interaction, together account for over 75% of the variation in operants like affiliative act frequency. The remainder of the variation is readily attributable to environ- mental opportunities.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.40.7.812

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.
Schachter, S., & Singer, J. (1962) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0046234 · Cited by 6,223
Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 6,181
Personality and Assessment
Madison, P., & Mischel, W. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421067 · Cited by 4,395
Principles of Behavior
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061
Motivational determinants of risk-taking behavior.
Atkinson, J. W. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0043445 · Cited by 3,706
Review of personality and social psychology
Wheeler, L. S., & Shaver, P. R. (1980) · UMI Books on Demand · Cited by 3,593
Behavior of Organisms
Skinner, B. F. (1938) · Cited by 3,571
The achievement motive
McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., & Lowell, E. L. (1953) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511527937.010 · Cited by 2,871
Self-citation
Introduction: Motivation
Wendl, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108608954.002 · Cited by 2,260

Show all 43 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 958

Individual differences in activation of the parental care motivational system: Assessment, prediction, and implications.
Buckels, E. E., Beall, A. T., Hofer, M. K., Lin, E. Y., Zhou, Z., & Schaller, M. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000023 · Cited by 106
The effects of ad social and personal relevance on consumer ad engagement on social media: The moderating role of platform trust
Geng, S., Yang, P., Gao, Y., Tan, Y., & Yang, C. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106834 · Cited by 102
Motivation
Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy001008 · Cited by 105
Integrating Content and Structure Aspects of the Self: Traits, Values, and Self‐Improvement
Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Oppenheim‐Weller, S., Elster, A., & Gal, A. (2013) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12041 · Cited by 111
Motivations: The Entrepreneurial Mind and Behavior
Carsrud, A. L., Brännback, M. E., Elfving, J., & Brandt, K. (2009) · International studies in entrepreneurship · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_7 · Cited by 97
Matching visitation-motives and restaurant attributes in casual dining restaurants
Ponnam, A., & Balaji, M. S. (2013) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.10.004 · Cited by 109
Constructing Time After Death
Boyd, J. N., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1997) · Time & Society · doi:10.1177/0961463x97006001002 · Cited by 107
Goal-setting in the career management process: An identity theory perspective.
Greco, L., & Kraimer, M. L. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000424 · Cited by 116
Identification and Status Revisited: The Moderating Role of Self-Enhancement and Self-Transcendence Values
Roccas, S. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203029006005 · Cited by 93
Measurement issues associated with conditional reasoning tests: Indirect measurement and test faking.
LeBreton, J. M., Barksdale, C. D., Robin, J., & James, L. R. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.1 · Cited by 175
Seventy-five years of motivation measures (1930–2005): A descriptive analysis
Mayer, J. D., Faber, M. A., & Xu, X. (2007) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-007-9060-2 · Cited by 107
Antecedents and consequences of students' achievement goals: A mediation analysis
Dinger, F. C., Dickhäuser, O., Spinath, B., & Steinmayr, R. (2013) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2013.09.005 · Cited by 108
The case for humble expectations: CEO humility and market performance
Petrenko, O. V., Aime, F., Recendes, T., & Chandler, J. A. (2019) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3071 · Cited by 91
Energization and Direction Are Both Essential Parts of Motivation
Elliot, A. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.003.0002 · Cited by 91
Dogs motivate obese children for physical activity: key elements of a motivational theory of animal-assisted interventions
Wohlfarth, R., Mutschler, B., Beetz, A., Kreuser, F., & Korsten-Reck, U. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00796 · Cited by 106
Fifty years of influence in the workplace
Elias, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Management History · doi:10.1108/17511340810880634 · Cited by 90
The Relationship between L2 Learners’ Motivation/Attitude and Success in L2 Writing
Hashemian, M., & Heidari, A. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.085 · Cited by 87
Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem.
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Wagner, J., Bleidorn, W., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000052 · Cited by 84
How individual needs influence motivation effects: a neuroscientific study on McClelland’s need theory
Rybnicek, R., Bergner, S., & Gutschelhofer, A. (2017) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-017-0252-1 · Cited by 133
Managing High-Achieving Information Systems Professionals
Smits, S. J., McLean, E. R., & Tanner, J. R. (1993) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.1993.11517981 · Cited by 85
Perspektiven einer Psychologie des Wollens
Heckhausen, H. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71763-5_9 · Cited by 82
Achievement Motivation
Brunstein, J. C., & Heckhausen, H. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65094-4_6 · Cited by 92
Employee Constructive Voice: An Integrative Review and a Dyadic Approach
Kim, Y. J., Lam, C. F., Oh, J. K., & Sohn, W. (2022) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063221108654 · Cited by 89
Implizites versus explizites Leistungsstreben: Befunde zur Unabhängigkeit zweier Motivationssysteme
Brunstein, J. C., & Hoyer, S. (2002) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024//1010-0652.16.1.51 · Cited by 79
Moving beyond academic achievement goal measures: A study of social achievement goals
Horst, S. J., Finney, S. J., & Barron, K. E. (2006) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2006.10.011 · Cited by 93
A Functional Framework for the Influence of Implicit and Explicit Motives on Autobiographical Memory
Woike, B. A. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868308315701 · Cited by 89
The dynamics between entrepreneurial orientation, transformational leadership, and intrapreneurial intention in Iranian R&D sector
Razavi, S. H., & Aziz, K. A. (2017) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-10-2016-0337 · Cited by 76
Goal Pursuit
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399820.013.0013 · Cited by 79
What is green worth to you? Activating environmental values lowers price sensitivity towards electric vehicles
Hahnel, U. J. J., Ortmann, C., Korcaj, L., & Spada, H. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.08.002 · Cited by 88
Self-Efficacy and Healthy Behavior
Maddux, J. E., Brawley, L. R., & Boykin, A. (1995) · The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6868-5_6 · Cited by 72
Creating a scale to measure motivation to achieve academically: Linking attitudes and behaviours using Rasch measurement
Waugh, R. (2002) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709902158775 · Cited by 71
The nature, prevalence and correlates of generativity among men in middle career
Clark, M., & Arnold, J. (2008) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.002 · Cited by 70
Looking under the hood: The psychogenic motivational foundations of the Dark Triad
Jonason, P. K., & Ferrell, J. D. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.039 · Cited by 74
Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials
Valshtein, T. J., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2019) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1652753 · Cited by 67
Women’s interest development and motivations to persist as college students in STEM: a mixed methods analysis of views and voices from a Hispanic-Serving Institution
Talley, K. G., & Ortiz, A. (2017) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-017-0059-2 · Cited by 76
Zusammenwirken von natürlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz
Haux, R., Gahl, K., Jipp, M., Kruse, R., & Richter, O. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-30882-7 · Cited by 69
Culture, Self and Identity: Interactivist Contributions to a Metatheory for Cultural Psychology
Christopher, J. C., & Bickhard, M. H. (2007) · Culture & Psychology · doi:10.1177/1354067x07079881 · Cited by 71
Why Do You Drink Caffeine? The Development of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) and Its Relationship with Gender, Age and the Types of Caffeinated Beverages
Ágoston, C., Urbán, R., Király, O., Griffiths, M., Rogers, P., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-017-9822-3 · Cited by 68
The Study of Values: Construction of the fourth edition
Kopelman, R. E., Rovenpor, J. L., & Guan, M. (2003) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00047-7 · Cited by 67
Investigating the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of motivation on condom use, physical activity and healthy eating
Keatley, D. A., Clarke, D. D., & Hagger, M. S. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.605451 · Cited by 75
Perfectionism and school engagement: A three-wave longitudinal study
Damian, L. E., Stoeber, J., Negru‐Subtirica, O., & Băban, A. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.044 · Cited by 71
Leadership and destructive acts: Individual and situational influences
Mumford, M. D., Gessner, T. L., Connelly, M. S., O’Connor, J. A., & Clifton, T. C. (1993) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/1048-9843(93)90008-h · Cited by 66
A Motivational Analysis of Academic Life in College
Covington, M. V. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5742-3_15 · Cited by 64
Motivational Incongruence and Well-Being at the Workplace: Person-Job Fit, Job Burnout, and Physical Symptoms
Brandstätter, V., Job, V., & Schulze, B. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01153 · Cited by 67
How Do We Encourage Gifted Girls to Pursue and Succeed in Science and Engineering?
Boston, J. S., & Cimpian, A. (2018) · Gifted Child Today · doi:10.1177/1076217518786955 · Cited by 73
The Dynamics of Personality Approach (DPA): 20 Tenets for Uncovering the Causal Mechanisms of Personality
Quirin, M., Robinson, M. D., Rauthmann, J. F., Kühl, J., Read, S. J., Tops, M., & DeYoung, C. G. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2295 · Cited by 78
Individual Differences in Attitude Change
Turnes, P., & Petty, R. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612823.ch14 · Cited by 85
Examining the Academic Motivation of a Diverse Student Population: A Consideration of Methodology
Urdan, T., & Bruchmann, K. (2018) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2018.1440234 · Cited by 75
Motivational and Attitudinal Factors in College Students with and without Learning Disabilities
Hall, C. W., Spruill, K. L., & Webster, R. E. (2002) · Learning Disability Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1511275 · Cited by 61
Values of Chinese generation cohorts: Do they matter in the workplace?
Tang, N., Wang, Y., & Zhang, K. (2017) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2017.07.007 · Cited by 70
Need for achievement and women's careers over 14 years: Evidence for occupational structure effects.
Jenkins, S. R. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.5.922 · Cited by 63
Giving feedback: Source-centered antecedents and consequences of constructive and destructive feedback
London, M. (1995) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/1053-4822(95)90001-2 · Cited by 65
How does green suit me? Consumers mentally match perceived product attributes with their domain‐specific motives when making green purchase decisions
Hahnel, U. J. J., Gölz, S., & Spada, H. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Behaviour · doi:10.1002/cb.1471 · Cited by 66
Approach and Avoidance as Organizing Structures for Motivated Distance Perception
Balcetis, E. (2015) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073915586225 · Cited by 66
An analysis of the variables predicting instant messenger use
Chung, D., & Nam, C. S. (2007) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444807072217 · Cited by 60
Leadership and Corporate Audit Committee Effectiveness
Spangler, W. D., & Braiotta, L. (1990) · Group & Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/105960119001500202 · Cited by 60
When teaching kills learning: research on mathemathantics
Clarck, R. E. (1990) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 60
The Role of Interpersonal Relationships in Student Motivation: Introduction to the Special Issue
Anderman, L. H., & Kaplan, A. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.3200/jexe.76.2.115-120 · Cited by 59
Knowledge and skills that facilitate the personal support dimension of citizenship.
Dudley, N. M., & Cortina, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012572 · Cited by 57
Values as Determinants of the Motivation to Lead
Clemmons, A. B., & Fields, D. (2011) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2011.616787 · Cited by 64
Affective Responses to Autobiographical Memories and Their Relationship to Long‐Term Goals
Singer, J. A. (1990) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00242.x · Cited by 59
Are interactions between need for achievement and social networks the driving force behind entrepreneurial Intention? A trait activation story
Pérez-Fernández, H., Cacciotti, G., Martín‐Cruz, N., & García, J. B. D. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.046 · Cited by 58
Self-Determination Theory and HCI Games Research: Unfulfilled Promises and Unquestioned Paradigms
Tyack, A., & Mekler, E. D. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3673230 · Cited by 57
Situational constraints on the achievement – performance relationship: a service sector study
Adkins, C. L., & Naumann, S. E. (2001) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.96 · Cited by 57
Innovation Motivation: The Need to Be Different
Joy, S. P. (2004) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2004.9651461 · Cited by 56
The Other Half of the Story: the Role of Social Relationships and Social Contexts in the Development of Academic Motivation
Wentzel, K. R., & Skinner, E. A. (2022) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-022-09713-1 · Cited by 62
Not all is fair in love and work: coworkers' preferences for and responses to managerial interventions regarding workplace romances
Foley, S., & Powell, G. N. (1999) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199912)20:7 · Cited by 47
Learning orientations: Diversity in higher education
Jeffrey, L. M. (2008) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.09.004 · Cited by 55
Energy consumption in service industries: Challenging the myth of non-materiality
Fourcroy, C., Gallouj, F., & Decellas, F. (2012) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.07.003 · Cited by 55
The impact of social and emotional competencies on effectiveness of Spanish executives
Guillén, L., Saris, W. E., & Boyatzis, R. E. (2009) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/02621710910987656 · Cited by 55
Using Partially Structured Attitude Measures to Enhance the Attitude-Behavior Relationship
Vargas, P. T., von Hippel, W., & Petty, R. E. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167203259931 · Cited by 54
Boundaryless career and career success: the impact of emotional and social competencies
Gerli, F., Bonesso, S., & Pizzi, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01304 · Cited by 54
Entrepreneurial Well-Being: The Payoff Structure of Business Creation
Shir, N. (2015) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.32847.74407/1 · Cited by 55
A prospective correlational analysis of achievement goals as mediating constructs linking distal motivational dispositions to intrinsic motivation and academic achievement
Dickhäuser, O., Dinger, F. C., Janke, S., Spinath, B., & Steinmayr, R. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.06.020 · Cited by 68
Ethical Hazards: A Motive, Means, and Opportunity Approach to Curbing Corporate Unethical Behavior
Pendse, S. G. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1037-0 · Cited by 53
Individual motivation among entrepreneurs in the creative and cultural industries: A self‐determination perspective
Cnossen, B., Loots, E., & van Witteloostuijn, A. C. (2019) · Creativity and Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/caim.12315 · Cited by 71
Systematic literature review of professional social media platforms: Development of a behavior adoption career development framework
Ruparel, N., Bhardwaj, S., Seth, H., & Choubisa, R. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113482 · Cited by 64
Employee motivation an Islamic perspective
Bhatti, O. K., Aslam, U., Hassan, A., & Sulaiman, M. (2016) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/h-10-2015-0066 · Cited by 51
Implicit and Explicit Motives
Brunstein, J. C. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499821.010 · Cited by 49
Modulation of ventral striatal activity by cognitive effort
Dobryakova, E., Jessup, R. K., & Tricomi, E. M. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.029 · Cited by 51
When proactivity produces a power struggle: how supervisors’ power motivation affects their support for employees’ promotive voice
Urbach, T., & Fay, D. (2018) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2018.1435528 · Cited by 48
Personality matters
Kankaraš, M. (2017) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/8a294376-en · Cited by 87
Personality
Barenbaum, N. B., & Winter, D. G. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0109 · Cited by 49
Using IT to share knowledge and the TRA
Casimir, G., Ng, Y. N. K., & Cheng, C. L. P. (2012) · Journal of Knowledge Management · doi:10.1108/13673271211238779 · Cited by 48
Loyalty Due to Others: The Relationships Among Challenge, Interdependence, and Online Gamer Loyalty
Teng, C., Chen, M., Chen, Y.-J., & Li, Y.-J. (2012) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01586.x · Cited by 52
A pictorial Attitude IAT as a Measure of Implicit Motives
Slabbinck, H., Houwer, J. D., & Kenhove, P. V. (2010) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.778 · Cited by 48
Zur Reliabilität und Validität der Achievement Motives Scale-Sport
Elbe, A., Wenhold, F., & Müller, D. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie · doi:10.1026/1612-5010.12.2.57 · Cited by 48
Psychological Processes Underlying Persuasion
Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2008) · Diogenes · doi:10.1177/0392192107087917 · Cited by 48
Examining the unique and combined effects of grit, trait self-control, and conscientiousness in predicting motivation for academic goals: A commonality analysis
Werner, K. M., Milyavskaya, M., Klimo, R., & Levine, S. L. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.003 · Cited by 53
Exploring effects of culture on students' achievement motives and goals, self-efficacy, and willingness for public performances: The case of Chinese students' speaking English in class
Turner, J. E., Li, B., & Wei, M. (2020) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101943 · Cited by 66
Understanding experiences in metaverse: How virtual nature impacts affect, pro-environmental attitudes, and intention to engage with physical nature
Chan, S. H. M., Qiu, L., & Xie, T. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107926 · Cited by 60
Referential competence is associated with motivational congruence
Schultheiss, O. C., Patalakh, M., Rawolle, M., Liening, S. H., & MacInnes, J. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.014 · Cited by 47
CAUSAS E EFEITOS DA EXPRESSÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS NO TRABALHO: PARA ENTENDER MELHOR A NOÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIA
Brandão, H. P., & Borges‐Andrade, J. E. (2007) · RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie · doi:10.1590/1678-69712007/administracao.v8n3p32-49 · Cited by 46
Explicit and implicit affiliation motives predict verbal and nonverbal social behavior in sports competition
Wegner, M., Bohnacker, V., Mempel, G., Teubel, T., & Schüler, J. (2014) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.06.001 · Cited by 46
Why Try? Achievement Motivation and Perceived Academic Climate Among Latino Youth
Wilkins, N. J., & Kuperminc, G. P. (2009) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431609333303 · Cited by 49
Reconciling Humanistic Ideals and Scientific Clinical Practice
Sheldon, K. M., Joiner, T. E., Pettit, J. W., & Williams, G. C. (2003) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg026 · Cited by 47
Hospitality employees’ citizenship behavior: the moderating role of cultural values
Kim, S.-H., Kim, M.-S., Holland, S., & Han, H. (2018) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-02-2016-0116 · Cited by 44
Facilitating a successful school-to-work transition: Comparing compact career-adaptation interventions
van der Horst, A. C., Klehe, U., Brenninkmeijer, V., & Coolen, A. C. M. (2021) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103581 · Cited by 61
Integrating Implicit and Explicit Social Cognitions for Enhanced Personality Assessment: A General Framework for Choosing Measurement and Statistical Methods
Bing, M. N., LeBreton, J. M., Davison, H. K., Migetz, D. Z., & James, L. R. (2007) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428106289396 · Cited by 48
Emotional awareness and psychological needs
Dizén, M., Berenbaum, H., & Kerns, J. G. (2005) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930500260468 · Cited by 47

Authors: McClelland, D. C.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: McClelland, David C.
ORCID: McClelland, David C.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 40
Issue: 7
Pages: 812-825
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.40.7.812
OpenAlex: W2104724310
Cited by: 965
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 128 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 11.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Keywords: motivation theories, incentive value, success probability, operant behavior, response strength

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How motives, skills, and values determine what people do.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks