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Reporting standards for research in psychology: Why do we need them? What might they be?
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In anticipation of the impending revision of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, APA's Publications and Communications Board formed the Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS) and charged it to provide the board with background and recommendations on information that should be included in manuscripts submitted to APA journals that report (a) new data collections and (b) meta-analyses. The JARS Group reviewed efforts in related fields to develop standards and sought input from other knowledgeable groups. The resulting recommendations contain (a) standards for all journal articles, (b) more specific standards for reports of studies with experimental manipulations or evaluations of interventions using research designs involving random or nonrandom assignment, and (c) standards for articles reporting meta-analyses. The JARS Group anticipated that standards for reporting other research designs (e.g., observational studies, longitudinal studies) would emerge over time. This report also (a) examines societal developments that have encouraged researchers to provide more details when reporting their studies, (b) notes important differences between requirements, standards, and recommendations for reporting, and (c) examines benefits and obstacles to the development and implementation of reporting standards.
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“The CONSORT checklist (Schulz et al., 2010) (Appendix A) and JARS guidelines (American Psychological Association, 2008) were applied in reporting the findings.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- APA Publications and Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards
- Corresponding author
- APA Publications and Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 839-851
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC2957094
- OpenAlex
- W2444484626
- Cited by
- 571
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 15.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD048962)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- reporting guidelines, research reporting, APA Publication Manual, meta-analysis reporting, intervention evaluation, random assignment, research transparency
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Periodicals as Topic, Psychology, Publishing, Research Design, Societies, Scientific, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Guidelines as Topic
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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