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Cited by 459Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentGender Roles and Identity StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The emergence of gender difference in depressed mood during adolescence: the role of intensified gender socialization

Wichstrøm, Lars·1999·Developmental Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.232
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Abstract

The prevalence of depressive mood was examined in a representative and nationwide sample of approximately 12,000 Norwegian adolescents. From the age of 14, girls scored 0.5 SD above boys in depressed mood, a difference that was stable throughout the adolescent period. At the age of 12, no gender difference was found. The gender difference was due to girls becoming more depressed from 13 to 14 years of age. An extended version of the gender intensification hypothesis (J. P. Hill & M. E. Lynch, 1983) was tested as an explanation for the gender difference in depressed mood. Structural equation modeling and regression analyses showed that the gender difference could be explained, in part, by increased developmental challenges for girls--pubertal development, dissatisfaction with weight and attainment of a mature female body, and increased importance of feminine sex role identification. Depressed mood was not associated with masculinity or school change, as had been predicted.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.232

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Metadata

Authors
Wichstrøm, L.
Affiliations
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
Corresponding author
Wichstrøm, Lars
ORCID
Wichstrøm, Lars
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1999
Volume
35
Issue
1
Pages
232-245
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
DOI
10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.232
OpenAlex
W2072742403
Cited by
459
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 33
FWCI
17.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
gender differences, depressive mood, adolescent depression, gender socialization, puberty, body dissatisfaction, gender role identification, developmental difficulties, Norwegian adolescents
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Body Image, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Norway, Puberty, Regression Analysis, Sampling Studies, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Socialization, Prevalence

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