The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Abstract
Five experiments are reported showing that the interpretation of personally relevant emotional information can be modified by systematic exposure to congruent exemplars. Participants were induced to interpret ambiguous information in a relatively threatening or a benign way. Comparison with a baseline condition suggested that negative and positive induction had similar but opposing effects. Induction of an interpretative bias did not require active generation of personally relevant meanings, but such active processing was necessary before state anxiety changed in parallel with the induced interpretative bias. These findings provide evidence consistent with a causal link between the deployment of interpretative bias and anxiety and reveal something of the processes underlying this association.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For the beta version, social scenarios were translated versions of those used in previous research (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Salemink et al., 2014; Salemink et al., 2009), adapted to be made more suitable for the developmental context of the study's target age range (18 to 25 years; e.g., changing a scenario that suggested a person had children) and the Australian context (e.g., changing the”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000
In the citing paper
“Congruently, reduction in attention and interpretation biases is found to decrease psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Mackintosh et al. 2006; Mathews and Mackintosh 2000).”
From Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Mathews and Mackintosh 2000
Citations
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Wechsler, D. (1955) · Psychological Corp. eBooks · Cited by 4,941
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Jaffe, B. (1977) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(77)71107-7 · Cited by 4,730
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027806 · Cited by 3,467
Clark, D. M. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2 · Cited by 2,422
Cognitive therapy and emotional disorders
Wolpe, J. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90053-2 · Cited by 1,282
A laboratory task for induction of mood states
Velten, E. (1968) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(68)90028-4 · Cited by 1,245
McKoon, G., & Ratcliff, R. (1992) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.99.3.440 · Cited by 1,112
Conditional automaticity: Varieties of automatic influence in social perception and cognition.
Bargh, J. A. (1989) · Cited by 975
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00069-7 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–736 of 736
Hsu, C.-W., Robbins, A., & Cartwright, T. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7530420/v1
Yeung, C. L., Tang, P., Lewis, G., Lewis, G., Wiles, N., & Bone, J. K. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07402-1
“There is strong evidence for the role of attentional and interpretive biases in anxiety [4–6].”
Cognitive bias modification for interpretation mitigates nocebo hyperalgesia
Rooney, T., Sharpe, L., Todd, J., & Colagiuri, B. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105646
THE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY ON VISUAL ATTENTION FOR EMOTIVE STIMULI IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Kelly, L. (2014) · University of Derby Online Research Archive. (University of Derby)
Directe en indirecte manier van meten van de interpretatiebias bij hoog en laagangstige studenten
Bel-Elkatib, H., & Berkhli, H. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983332
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983317
Deen, H., Notebaert, L., Bockstaele, B. V., Clarke, P., & Todd, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19759997
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983320
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983329
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983323
Frommelt, T., Traykova, M., Platt, B., & Wittekind, C. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23983326
Deen, H., Notebaert, L., Bockstaele, B. V., Clarke, P., & Todd, J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19759994
Neuroticism and Interpretive Bias as Risk Factors for Anxiety and DepressionPreprint
Zinbarg, R. E., Craske, M. G., Williams, A., & Vinograd, M. (2020) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
No Hollow Agents: Psychological Alignment over Sensory Richness in Robots Supporting Depressed YouthPreprint
Huang, I. S., & Hoorn, J. F. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5527615
Vrinzen, S., Everaert, J., & Salemink, E. (2026) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2026.01.004
Pascual, A., Joncour, M. E., Salanova, T., Steinkevich, Y., & Subra, B. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.104963
Advanced robot interfaces are unnecessary for effective psychological health interventions
Huang, I. S., & Hoorn, J. F. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.100955
Patel, T. A., Dillon, K. H., Sala, M. C., & Cougle, J. R. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121322
Macit, B., Lipp, A., Zlomuzica, A., Engler, H., Blackwell, S. E., Würtz, F., Margraf, J., & Woud, M. L. (2026) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2026.103131
Lin, C. C., Manathungage, O., & Hsu, C.-W. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121493
Wolfe, E. C., Werntz, A. J., Michel, A., Zhang, Y., Rucker, M., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., Rhodes, J. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2026) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001187
“Recognition Rating Task: Target engagement (change in positive and negative interpretations) was measured via the Recognition Rating Task (modified from Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) [48].”
Barzilay, S., Kalanthroff, E., Landkroon, E., Salemink, E., Ginat-Frolich, R., Engelhard, I. M., & Huppert, J. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2636686
Could this have been a voice note? An experiment comparing voice notes and emails
Cunningham, S.-L., & Fleming, W. J. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101020
Karamanlı, K. A., Yiend, J., Al-Jaboby, S., Ceachir, I., Fialho, C., Jia, Z., John, J., Markham, S., Moloney, H., Ricci, T., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09668-6
“CBM-I is designed to shift the interpretation of emotionally ambiguous stimuli away from negative meaning and toward benign or positive interpretations [8]; see Fig.”
Pasanisi, E., White, R., Bowles, C., Wahl, K., & Hirsch, C. R. (2026) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2026.101018
Tong, X., LianPing, Z., Jia, Y., Guo, J., Xu, J., Yin, D., & Zeng, S. (2026) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2026.2666510
Psychometric evaluation of interpretation bias measures for pain
Duijzings, M., Sharpe, L., Ryckeghem, D. M. L. V., Notebaert, L., Coutts‐Bain, D., Pickup, B., Colagiuri, B., & Todd, J. (2026) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2026.106349
Yalikun, S., Ye, Z., Qiao, J., Du, X., Isak, G., Liu, L., & Ren, Z. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117313
Du, X., Wang, B., Jia, J., Shi, C., Yu, X., & Ren, Z. (2026) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2026.07.004
Hsu, C.-W., Drummond, A., Buckingham, A., Cong, K. L., & Carson, K. (2026) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2026.2705598
A Self-Determination Theory-Based Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Training for AI Anxiety
Liu, M., & Yin, R. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent Engineering and Next-Gen Healthcare Systems (IEHNS) · doi:10.1109/iehns68708.2026.11607145
“Targeting this bias, Mathews and Mackintosh [2] developed the ambiguous-scenario training paradigm, which systematically reinforces the habit of positive interpretation by repeatedly presenting textual scenarios containing ambiguity and guiding participants to complete word-stem completion…”
Examining Moderators of Outcomes in a Smartphone-Delivered Interpretation Bias Intervention
Shin, D. E., Silverman, A. L., Rotta, G. K., Ferguson, I., Tuck, A. B., & Beard, C. (2026) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2026.08.002
Barroso, C., Yi, X., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.70405
“Participants in the experimental condition were asked to complete a researcher-developed scenario task called the Cognitive Bias Modification—Mathematics Interpretations (CBM-MI), adapted from those outlined in Mathews and Makintosh, and Hawkins and Cougle [ 7, 63 ].”
Biased information processing as an endophenotype for depression.
Vrijsen, J. N. (2014) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
Vulnerability to depression and cognitive bias modification
Chan, S. W. Y. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)
Metadata
- Authors
- Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- ORCID
- Mackintosh, Bundy
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 602-615
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2029885631
- Cited by
- 739
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- state anxiety, cognitive appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Attention, Emotions, Humans, Reaction Time, Mental Recall, Set, Psychology, Social Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
