The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety.
Abstract
Five experiments are reported showing that the interpretation of personally relevant emotional information can be modified by systematic exposure to congruent exemplars. Participants were induced to interpret ambiguous information in a relatively threatening or a benign way. Comparison with a baseline condition suggested that negative and positive induction had similar but opposing effects. Induction of an interpretative bias did not require active generation of personally relevant meanings, but such active processing was necessary before state anxiety changed in parallel with the induced interpretative bias. These findings provide evidence consistent with a causal link between the deployment of interpretative bias and anxiety and reveal something of the processes underlying this association.
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“For the beta version, social scenarios were translated versions of those used in previous research (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Salemink et al., 2014; Salemink et al., 2009), adapted to be made more suitable for the developmental context of the study's target age range (18 to 25 years; e.g., changing a scenario that suggested a person had children) and the Australian context (e.g., changing the”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000
In the citing paper
“Congruently, reduction in attention and interpretation biases is found to decrease psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Mackintosh et al. 2006; Mathews and Mackintosh 2000).”
From Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies (2019) · cites this paper as Mathews and Mackintosh 2000
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Effects of Cognitive Bias Modification Training via Smartphones
Yang, R., Cui, L., Feng, L., Xiao, J., Zhang, Q., & Oei, T. P. S. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01370 · Cited by 47
“CBM-I ambiguous scenarios were based on those used by Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) and were revised to reflect Chinese students’ situations.”
MethodSfärlea, A., Löchner, J., Neumüller, J., Thomsen, L. A., Starman‐Wöhrle, K., Salemink, E., Schulte‐Körne, G., & Platt, B. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000401 · Cited by 49
Newbold, A., Warren, F. C., Taylor, R. S., Hulme, C. T., Burnett, S., Aas, B., Botella, C., Burkhardt, F., Ehring, T. W., Fontaine, J. R. J., et al. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02857-w · Cited by 46
Neurofeedback training improves anxiety trait and depressive symptom in GAD
Hou, Y., Zhang, S., Li, N., Huang, Z., Wang, L., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2024 · Cited by 42
“Biases in processing threat-related information played a prominent role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders (Mathews, 1990; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundSteel, C., Wykes, T., Ruddle, A., Smith, G. M., Shah, D. M., & Holmes, E. A. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.042 · Cited by 44
“It has successfully been demonstrated that a single session of CBM can have a significant impact on both interpretation bias and levels of anxiety (Grey and Mathews, 2000; Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Holmes et al., 2006; Salemink et al., 2007b), that repeatedly inducing a more benign interpretation bias can reduce t…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRohrbacher, H., & Reinecke, A. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.919605 · Cited by 51
“…in interpretation—a tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli in a relatively negative manner (Blackwell & Holmes, 2010; Butler & Mathews, 1983; Eley et al., 2008; Hertel & El-Messidi, 2006; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Mogg, Bradbury, & Bradley, 2006; Rude, Wenzlaff, Gibbs, Vane, & Whitney, 2002).”
MethodSavulich, G., Shergill, S. S., & Yiend, J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.016711 · Cited by 47
Cognitive bias modification training in adolescents reduces anxiety to a psychological challenge
Lau, J. Y. F., Belli, S. R., & Chopra, R. B. (2012) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104512455183 · Cited by 50
Waite, P., Codd, J., & Creswell, C. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.022 · Cited by 43
“…by studies demonstrating that adults with elevated anxiety show attentional biases towards threatening stimuli (MacLeod et al., 1986; Mogg et al., 1992) and a tendency to interpret ambiguous information in a dis-proportionally threatening way (Amir et al., 2005; Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000).”
Implicit interpretation biases affect emotional vulnerability: A training study
Tran, T. B., Siemer, M., & Joormann, J. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.532393 · Cited by 42
“More recent research has begun to examine the impact of training threat-relevant biases on emotional responding, as measured by levels of depression and anxiety symptoms (e.g., Grey & Mathews, COGNITION AND EMOTION, 2011, 25 (3) 547 2000; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Yiend et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLester, K., Seal, K., Nightingale, Z. C., & Field, A. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.09.004 · Cited by 46
Experimental modification of interpretation bias regarding social and animal fear in children.
Lester, K. J., Field, A. P., & Muris, P. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.006 · Cited by 45
Naim, R., Kivity, Y., Bar‐Haim, Y., & Huppert, J. D. (2017) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.10.006 · Cited by 51
Telman, M. D., Holmes, E. A., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2013) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-013-0386-6 · Cited by 44
“The measure of subsequent interpretational style posttraining consisted of two phases [16, 24].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffects of modifying the interpretation of emotional ambiguity
Mathews, A. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2011.584527 · Cited by 43
“In an initial experiment, Standage, Ashwin, and Fox ( 2010 ) confirmed that modifying interpretation using the method used by Mathews and Mackintosh ( 2000 ) produced training-congruent differences on a test requiring the resolution of ambiguous word strings as either a positive or negative sentence (the scrambled sen…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationState work engagement and state affect: Similar yet distinct concepts
Reis, D., Arndt, C., Lischetzke, T., & Hoppe, A. (2015) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.12.004 · Cited by 48
Qiao, E., Quesada, M. G., Antico, L., Bavelier, D., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Pichon, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171375 · Cited by 52
A systematic review of the word sentence association paradigm (WSAP)
Gonsalves, M. A., Whittles, R. L., Weisberg, R. B., & Beard, C. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.04.003 · Cited by 41
Multi-session online interpretation bias training for anxiety in a community sample
Ji, J. L., Baee, S., Zhang, D., Calicho-Mamani, C., Meyer, M. J., Funk, D. H., Portnow, S., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103864 · Cited by 45
Cognitive habits and memory distortions in anxiety and depression
Hertel, P. T., & Brozovich, F. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410370137 · Cited by 51
“In a typical version of CBM-I (see Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000), nondisordered volunteers undergo a training phase, consisting of many episodes of interpreting emotionally ambiguous events.”
BackgroundMethodLester, K., Field, A., & Muris, P. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.618449 · Cited by 39
“Research with adults suggest that anxious and nonanxious individuals can learn to interpret ambiguous materials in a threat or nonthreat way using simple feedback-learning paradigms referred to as Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000 ).”
Transfer of training emotionally biased interpretations
Hertel, P. T., Mathews, A., Peterson, S., & Kintner, K. (2003) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.905 · Cited by 40
“In a similar vein, Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) exposed non-anxious participants to self-related descriptions of social events with either threat-related or threat-unrelated outcomes and then to similar texts in which the outcomes remained ambiguous.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationGeneralisation of modified interpretive bias across tasks and domains
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2010) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802692053 · Cited by 47
“Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBM-I) procedures have been developed to examine the causal relationship between such an interpretive bias and anxiety (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSteinman, S. A., & Teachman, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036023 · Cited by 42
“The Recognition Rating Task (modified from Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) was used to evaluate whether the interventions influence subsequent novel interpretations.”
MethodJopling, E. N., Gotlib, I. H., & LeMoult, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.007 · Cited by 39
“This argument is supported by a number of empirical studies demonstrating that active training (beyond stimulus exposure) is required for successful modification of cognitive processes (Hoppitt, Mathews, Yiend, & Mackintosh, 2010; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundTabbaa, L., Ang, C. S., Siriaraya, P., She, W. J., & Prigerson, H. G. (2020) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2020.1848161 · Cited by 41
“Participants (see Table 1) engaged in 40 CBM-I scenarios using VR for ~ 45 minutes.”
MethodReuland, M. M., & Teachman, B. A. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.011 · Cited by 39
Jones, E. B., & Sharpe, L. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.05.003 · Cited by 39
“Firstly, a series of 1-way ANOVAs were run on the 4 manipulation check questions to determine whether the threat condition had successfully induced threat.”
InfluentialInterpretation modification training reduces social anxiety in clinically anxious children
Klein, A. M., Rapee, R. M., Hudson, J. L., Schniering, C. A., Wuthrich, V. M., Kangas, M., Lyneham, H. J., Souren, P. M., & Rinck, M. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.10.006 · Cited by 37
“Recently, researchers have begun to test the causal status of these biases by manipulating attention and interpretive biases and showing resultant changes in adult anxiety (MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundAutomatic processes and self-regulation of illness
Orbell, S., & Phillips, L. A. (2018) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1503559 · Cited by 44
“The ambiguous scenarios task (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) presents participants with real life self-relevant scenarios, each starting with a title and ending ambiguously.”
BackgroundEmotions and Emotional Regulation in HRM: A Multi-Level Perspective
Ashkanasy, N. M., Troth, A. C., Lawrence, S. A., & Jordan, P. J. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0742-730120170000035002 · Cited by 44
Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies
Mayer, B., Polak, M. G., & Remmerswaal, D. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0946-8 · Cited by 37
“…biases * Birgit Mayer mayer@essb.eur.nl 1 Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies (DEPCS), Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000, DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands is found to decrease psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Mackintosh et al. 2006; Mathews and Mackintosh 2000).”
BackgroundMethodTransmission of Cognitive Bias and Fear From Parents to Children: An Experimental Study
Remmerswaal, D., Muris, P., & Huijding, J. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.987378 · Cited by 39
“In an innovative study, Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) were the first to demonstrate that people can learn to interpret ambiguous situations in a threatening or nonthreatening way, thereby manipulating their anxiety levels.”
BackgroundThe Plasticity of Adolescent Cognitions: Data from a Novel Cognitive Bias Modification Training Task
Lau, J. Y. F., Molyneaux, E., Telman, M. D., & Belli, S. R. (2011) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0244-3 · Cited by 44
“While adolescents read scenarios and completed word fragments, these scenarios were made more ageappropriate than those described in the original training set [10]; for example, making friends at a new school, being asked out on a date, being asked by a teacher to stay behind class.”
BackgroundInfluentialRohrbacher, H., Blackwell, S. E., Holmes, E. A., & Reinecke, A. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.013 · Cited by 37
“This was developed from the Ambiguous Scenarios Test (AST; Berna et al., 2011; Holmes et al., 2009; Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000), where ambiguous situational descriptions are presented that allow either a positive or a negative outcome interpretation (e.”
BackgroundMethodExploring the Causal Effect of Interpretation Bias on Attachment Expectations
Winter, S. D., Bosmans, G., & Salemink, E. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12587 · Cited by 41
“To measure generalization of training effects, the recognition task (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Salemink & van den Hout, 2010) was administered pre- and post-CBM.”
MethodLisk, S. C., Pile, V., Haller, S. P. W., Kumari, V., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9912-y · Cited by 37
“Cognitive bias modification for interpretations (CBM-I) targets biases in interpretation, mostly using the ‘ambiguous situations task’ (Mathews and Mackintosh 2000).”
MethodOtkhmezuri, B., Boffo, M., Siriaraya, P., Matsangidou, M., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Mackintosh, B., Ang, C. S., & Salemink, E. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/11517 · Cited by 42
“It has been shown that CBM-I training effects are stronger when participants actively process the (corrective) information [4].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDaniel, K. E., Goodman, F. R., Beltzer, M., Daros, A. R., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10139-8 · Cited by 38
“Following Mathews and Mackintosh (2000), CBM-I used an ambiguous scenario format, which instructs participant to disambiguate each scenario by completing a final word fragment.”
BackgroundMethodIn‐Albon, T., Dubi, K., Rapee, R. M., & Schneider, S. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.003 · Cited by 38
“This assumptionwould be supported by findings ofMicco and Ehrenreich (2008) who found that anxious children had higher threat perceptions and lower coping expectations in response to personally salient situations but not for non-salient situations.”
ResultDavey, G. C. L., & Meeten, F. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.003 · Cited by 34
“Interpretation Biases: Daily life is full of ambiguity and research suggests that people who experience high levels of anxiety are more likely to interpret emotionally ambiguous situations in a threatening rather than non-threatening manner (e.g. Butler & Mathews, 1983; Eysenk, MacLeod, & Mathews, 1987; Eysenk, Mogg,…”
Experimental modification of attribution processes.
Peters, K. D., Constans, J. I., & Mathews, A. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021899 · Cited by 62
Self-citationGrol, M., Schwenzfeier, A., Stricker, J., Booth, C., Temple-McCune, A., Derakshan, N., Hirsch, C. R., Becker, E. S., & Fox, E. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.01.005 · Cited by 38
“Grey and Mathews (2000), and Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) were the first to show that it is possible to modify interpretative bias in healthy individuals and that this can evoke changes in state anxiety according to the induced (positive or negative) interpretative bias.”
Pyne, J. M., Constans, J. I., Nanney, J. T., Wiederhold, M. D., Gibson, D. P., Kimbrell, T. A., Kramer, T. L., Pitcock, J. A., Han, X., Williams, D. K., et al. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usy171 · Cited by 41
MacDonald, E. M., Koerner, N., & Antony, M. M. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9519-7 · Cited by 38
“Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) induced a positive or negative socially-relevant interpretive bias in previously unbiased participants using a computerized cognitive bias modification (CBM) task.”
MethodResultInfluentialChronic Pain, Insomnia and their Mutual Maintenance: A Call for Cognitive Bias Research
Todd, J., Austin, H., Clarke, P., & Notebaert, L. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.03.241 · Cited by 37
Pichon, S., Lombard, E., Eryilmaz, H., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu044 · Cited by 40
Turton, R., Cardi, V., Treasure, J. L., & Hirsch, C. R. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.089 · Cited by 34
Amir, N., Beard, C., & Przeworski, A. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.3.402 · Cited by 35
An Attempt to Target Anxiety Sensitivity via Cognitive Bias Modification
Clerkin, E. M., Beard, C., Fisher, C. R., & Schofield, C. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114578 · Cited by 34
“As is typical of this type of scenario task [22], the word fragments always resolved the ambiguous scenario in a positive manner (in order to induce a positive interpretation bias).”
BackgroundVrijsen, J. N., Grafton, B., Koster, E. H. W., Lau, J. Y. F., Wittekind, C. E., Bar‐Haim, Y., Becker, E. S., Brotman, M. A., Joormann, J., Lazarov, A., et al. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557 · Cited by 42
de Voogd, E. L., Wiers, R. W. H. J., de Jong, P. J., Zwitser, R. J., & Salemink, E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194274 · Cited by 34
“Interpretation bias was assessed with the Recognition Task (REC-T, [6]), where participants read ambiguous scenarios, completed word-fragments and answered comprehension questions as in the CBM-I training.”
InfluentialInterpretation bias characterizes trait rumination.
Mor, N., Hertel, P. T., Ngo, T., Shachar, T., & Redak, S. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.08.002 · Cited by 38
“Clearly, future research would benefit from the use of ambiguous materials other (e.g., Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) or an auditory interpretation task (Rinck, Klein, Bakens, van Niekerk, & Becker, 2012), that afford more flexibility in stimulus selection.”
Tell me why… The influence of self-involvement on short term smoking behaviour
Müller, B. C. N., van Baaren, R. B., Ritter, S. M., Woud, M. L., Bergmann, H., Harakeh, Z., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.12.016 · Cited by 34
“Clinical psychology research on cognitive bias modification techniques already use such repeating training procedures to change maladaptive interpretation styles and behaviours, and the results are promising so far (e.g. Mathews & Backintosh, 2000).”
The effect of disgust and fear modeling on children’s disgust and fear for animals.
Askew, C., Çakır, K., Põldsam, L., & Reynolds, G. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037228 · Cited by 37
“Inducing threat-interpretation bias has been shown to increase anxiety (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000), so this suggests that one link between disgust and anxiety may be via such cognitive biases (Davey, 2011).”
BackgroundAlcohol‐Related Interpretation Bias in Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Woud, M. L., Pawelczack, S., Rinck, M., Lindenmeyer, J., Souren, P. M., Wiers, R. W. H. J., & Becker, E. S. (2014) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12334 · Cited by 33
“In studies on social anxiety, for example, socially relevant interpretation biases were experimentally induced which indeed increased levels of state anxiety (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Salemink et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInternet-based interpretation bias modification for social anxiety: A pilot study
Brettschneider, M., Neumann, P., Berger, T., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.04.008 · Cited by 32
Memory cueing during sleep modifies the interpretation of ambiguous scenes in adolescents and adults
Groch, S., McMakin, D. L., Guggenbühl, P., Rasch, B., Huber, R., & Wilhelm, I. (2015) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.006 · Cited by 31
“In line with previous studies, the absence of an effect of cueing on negative interpretations coincided with a general tendency of these participants to interpret ambiguous scenes more positively than negatively (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000; Yiend et al., 2005; Mackintosh et al., 2006).”
ResultCognitive bias modification for depression
Koster, E. H. W., & Hoorelbeke, K. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.012 · Cited by 36
Comparing visual and auditory presentation for the modification of interpretation bias
Standage, H., Ashwin, C., & Fox, E. (2009) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.07.006 · Cited by 31
Modification of Hostile Interpretation Bias in Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Smith, H. L., Dillon, K. H., & Cougle, J. R. (2017) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2017.08.001 · Cited by 31
Turner, R., Hoppitt, L., Hodgekins, J., Wilkinson, J., Mackintosh, B., & Fowler, D. G. (2011) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465810000706 · Cited by 31
“Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) is a procedure that can be used to assist reduction in threat-related interpretation biases (Mathews and Mackintosh, 2000).”
MethodSelf-citationSpecificity Effects in the Modification of Interpretation Bias and Stress Reactivity
Mackintosh, B., Mathews, A., Eckstein, D., & Hoppitt, L. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.025711 · Cited by 34
“However, in pilot work that led up to our initial report (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000), we found that training with social items had little effect on ambiguously threatening test items concerned with physical threats.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationCognitive bias modification of interpretation in children with social anxiety disorder
Orchard, F., Apetroaia, A., Clarke, K., & Creswell, C. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.012 · Cited by 39
Negative Self-Beliefs in Eating Disorders: A Cognitive-Bias-Modification Study
Yiend, J., Parnes, C., Shepherd, K., Roche, M.-K., & Cooper, M. J. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614528163 · Cited by 30
“The text method, first reported by Mathews and Mackintosh (2000), has subsequently been developed in detail.”
MethodInterpretive Biases in Chronic Insomnia: An Investigation Using a Priming Paradigm
Ree, M. J., & Harvey, A. G. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.002 · Cited by 29
How Victim Sensitivity leads to Uncooperative Behavior via Expectancies of Injustice
Maltese, S., Baumert, A., Schmitt, M., & MacLeod, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02059 · Cited by 30
“This allowed us to test the hypothesized causal role of unjust expectancies in the proposed mediating process for cooperation behavior.”
BackgroundMethodNejati, V., Fathi, E., Shahidi, S., & Salehinejad, M. A. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.012 · Cited by 31
Salemink, E., de Jong, S. R. C., Notebaert, L., MacLeod, C., & van Bockstaele, B. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101727 · Cited by 25
Reinecke, A., Soltau, C., Hoyer, J., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.010 · Cited by 28
Personality and Information Processing
Baumert, A., & Schmitt, M. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1850 · Cited by 29
Trained interpretive bias survives mood change
Salemink, E., & van den Hout, M. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.02.010 · Cited by 31
“The scenarios used in the experiment were Dutch translations of those used by Mathews and Mackintosh (2000). During CBM-I, eight blocks of 13 scenarios were presented on a personal computer, with an option for rest given after each block.”
MethodYiend, J., Lam, C. L. M., Schmidt, N. B., Crane, B., Heslin, M., Kabir, T., McGuire, P. K., Meek, C., Mouchlianitis, E. D., PETERS, E. R., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001520 · Cited by 24
“The SRT was adapted from Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) and Eysenck et al. (1991) and developed with paranoia-relevant content (Savulich et al., 2015).”
Baumert, A., Otto, K., Thomas, N., Bobocel, D. R., & Schmitt, M. (2012) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.1844 · Cited by 28
“Following a similar logic, Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) used sets of ambiguous sentences in which only the last word resolved the ambiguity to describe a negative event or a positive event, respectively.”
BackgroundMethodVassilopoulos, S. P., Blackwell, S. E., Moberly, N. J., & Karahaliou, E. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.08.004 · Cited by 33
“Generalizability of cognitive bias modification to other modes of delivery within the social domain has already been demonstrated in adults (e.g., Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000).”
BackgroundExpectancy bias in anxious samples.
Cabeleira, C. M., Steinman, S. A., Burgess, M. M., Bucks, R. S., MacLeod, C., Melo, W. V., & Teachman, B. A. (2014) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0035899 · Cited by 28
“Future attempts to manipulate expectancy bias, as is done in cognitive bias modification research (e.g., Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000), can help determine whether the bias is causally related to the onset or maintenance of anxiety problems.”
Generalized implicit fear associations in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Reinecke, A., Becker, E. S., Hoyer, J., & Rinck, M. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20662 · Cited by 34
“Recently, many researchers have begun to develop re-trainings of biased cognitive processes such as attention([53]) or interpretation,([54]) in an attempt to identify the causal role of these processes as well as to augment existing therapies.”
BackgroundThe puzzle of attentional bias to pain
Crombez, G., Heathcote, L. C., & Fox, E. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000255 · Cited by 29
Thoughts on Experimental Psychopathology
van den Hout, M., Engelhard, I. M., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.045115 · Cited by 32
“Two seminal publications have experimentally established in healthy individuals that interpretative biases (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) and attentional biases (MacLeod, Rutherford, Campbell, Ebsworthy, & Holker, 2002) can be trained and affect mood.”
BackgroundBlaisdaleJones, E., Sharpe, L., Todd, J., MacDougall, H. G., Nicholas, M. K., & Colagiuri, B. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002212 · Cited by 28
Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients
Wiers, R. W. H. J., Pan, T., Dessel, P. V., Rinck, M., & Lindenmeyer, J. (2023) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2023_421 · Cited by 31
Newby, J. M., Lang, T., Werner‐Seidler, A., Holmes, E. A., & Moulds, M. L. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.03.001 · Cited by 27
Is cognitive bias modification training truly beneficial for adolescents?
Chan, S. W. Y., Lau, J. Y. F., & Reynolds, S. A. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12368 · Cited by 29
“(2011) and Mathews and Mackintosh (2000). See”
Lanteaume, L., Guedj, É., Bastien‐Toniazzo, M., Magalahaes, A., MUNDLER, O., & Bartoloméi, F. (2012) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2011-301219 · Cited by 27
Woud, M. L., Zhang, X. C., Becker, E. S., Zlomuzica, A., & Margraf, J. (2015) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.12.005 · Cited by 27
“, in the context of social anxiety [46–48], analog posttraumatic stress [49,50] and depression [51–55].”
BackgroundDaniel, K. E., Daros, A. R., Beltzer, M. L., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10088-2 · Cited by 26
“…can take different forms (see Schoth and Liossi 2017, for a review), the current paper uses an ambiguous scenarios training approach (adapted from Mathews and Mackintosh 2000) that presents people with a series of sentences that outline disorder-relevant, ambiguous scenarios (i.e., in SAD, CBM-I…”
BackgroundInterpretation Biases in Clinical Paranoia
Savulich, G., Shergill, S. S., & Yiend, J. (2017) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702617718180 · Cited by 26
“The SRT (Eysenck et al., 1991; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) is a widely used measure of interpretation bias that presents participants with emotionally ambiguous passages (for a detailed description of this task, see Yiend, Mackintosh, & Mathews, 2005; Lester, Mathews, Davison, Burgess, & Yiend,…”
Clarke, P., Nanthakumar, S., Notebaert, L., Holmes, E. A., Blackwell, S. E., & MacLeod, C. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9564-x · Cited by 29
“The recognition memory test was designed to assess the interpretations imposed on the ten emotionally ambiguous test scenarios and was similar to that used by Mathews and Mackintosh (2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSocial anxiety and adolescence: Interpretation bias in an Italian Sample
Giannini, M., & Loscalzo, Y. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12263 · Cited by 27
Clinical efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions
Blackwell, S. E. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30170-x · Cited by 26
Grey, S. J., & Mathews, A. (2009) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.01.003 · Cited by 26
“Mathews and Mackintosh (2000) also discuss the possibility of response bias explanations for CBM-I effects.”
BackgroundSelf-citationVulnerability to interpretation bias in overweight children
Jansen, A. T. M., Smeets, T., Boon, B. J. F., Nederkoorn, C., Roefs, A., & Mulkens, S. (2007) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/14768320600941012 · Cited by 26
“Originally the interpretation bias was observed in anxiety patients who were found to interpret ambiguous situations as personally threatening (e.g., Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998; Amir, Beard, & Bower, 2005; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Taylor & Alden, 2005).”
BackgroundOn the malleability of emotional encoding
Mathews, A. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.04.003 · Cited by 25
Self-citationEffects of appraisal training on responses to a distressing autobiographical event
Woud, M. L., Zlomuzica, A., Cwik, J. C., Margraf, J., Shkreli, L., Blackwell, S. E., Gladwin, T. E., & Ehring, T. W. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.03.010 · Cited by 26
“To test whether the CBM training induced the corresponding appraisal style a two-phase Encoding-Recognition Task (ERT; see Woud et al., 2012; 2013; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000) was administered.”
Mennen, A. C., Turk‐Browne, N. B., Wallace, G., Seok, D., Jaganjac, A., Stock, J., deBettencourt, M. T., Cohen, J. D., Norman, K. A., & Sheline, Y. I. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.10.006 · Cited by 25
“Another training approach, cognitive bias modification for interpretation (13), involves learning to adopt the positive interpretation of an ambiguous situation (14).”
BackgroundRowlands, K., Beaty, T., Simic, M., Grafton, B., Hirsch, C. R., Treasure, J. L., & Cardi, V. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23809 · Cited by 25
“Following recommendation from previous studies (Hertel & Mathews, 2011; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000), a small number of negative trials were included, to ensure that participants were attending carefully to the content of the scenarios included in the training, and to provide intermittent…”
MethodButler, E., Mobini, S., Rapee, R., Mackintosh, B., & Reynolds, S. (2015) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2015.1011905 · Cited by 21
“…biases were tested individually using a text-based encoding task that has been widely used in a number of previous studies investigating interpretation biases in anxiety (e.g. Hertel et al., 2008; Mackintosh, Mathews, Yiend, Ridgeway, & Cook, 2006; Mathews & Mackintosh, 2000; Mobini et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDoes Modified Interpretation Bias Influence Automatic Avoidance Behaviour
Lange, W.-G., Salemink, E., Windey, I., Keijsers, G., Krans, J., Becker, E., & Rinck, M. (2010) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1679 · Cited by 25
Neural circuits associated with positive and negative self-appraisal
Brühl, A. B., Rufer, M., Kaffenberger, T., Baur, V., & Herwig, U. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.053 · Cited by 24
Dietel, F. A., Möbius, M., Steinbach, L., Dusend, C., Wilhelm, S., & Buhlmann, U. (2018) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.07.003 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B.
- Affiliations
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
- ORCID
- Mackintosh, Bundy
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 602-615
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2029885631
- Cited by
- 739
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- state anxiety, cognitive appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Attention, Emotions, Humans, Reaction Time, Mental Recall, Set, Psychology, Social Perception
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