Long-term caregiving: What happens when it ends?
Abstract
Data from a longitudinal study were used to examine what happens to caregivers in the years after their cognitively impaired spouse dies. Comparisons of 42 current caregivers, 49 former caregivers, and 52 noncaregivers over a 4-year period showed that former caregivers did not improve on several measures of psychological well-being. Although former caregivers experienced decreases in stress and negative affect, their scores on depression, loneliness, and positive affect did not rebound to levels comparable to noncaregivers and, in fact, remained similar to those of current caregivers up to 3 years after caregiving had ceased. The most consistent predictors of postcaregiving outcomes were social support and intrusive-avoidant thinking about caregiving. The data suggest that some consequences of long-term caregiving may be long-term as well. The needs of former spousal caregivers warrant greater attention both in research and in practice.
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Former caregivers' scores on measures of depression and loneliness did not rebound to levels comparable to noncaregivers and remained similar to those of current caregivers up to 3 years after caregiving ceased.
“we found that former caregivers' scores on measures of depression and loneliness did not ''rebound'' to levels comparable to noncaregivers and, in fact, remained similar to those of current caregivers up to 3 years after caregiving had ceased (23).”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Robinson-Whelen, S., Tada, Y., MacCallum, R. C., McGuire, L., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 573-584
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2014129467
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh050538-05, 5k02mh001467-05, 5r37mh042096-15)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011585, P01-AG 11585)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02 MH01467, R37 MH42096, R01 MH50538)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- spousal caregiving, long-term caregiving, caregiver bereavement, death of a spouse, cognitive impairment, psychological well-being, depression, loneliness, social support, caregiver stress
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Family Health, Female, Humans, Long-Term Care, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Social Support, Caregivers
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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