Exposure to violence against a family member and internalizing symptoms in Colombian adolescents: The protective effects of family support.

Kliewer, Wendy; Murrelle, Lenn; Mejia, Roberto; Torres de G., Yolanda; Angold, Adrian

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.971

Cited by 80Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Exposure to violence against a family member and internalizing symptoms in Colombian adolescents: The protective effects of family support.

Kliewer, Wendy, Murrelle, Lenn, Mejia, Roberto, Torres de G., Yolanda, Angold, Adrian·2001·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.971

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Associations between exposure to serious violence against a family member and internalizing symptoms, and the protective effects of support from family versus friends, were examined in 5,775 adolescents (50% female; mean age = 15.2 years, SD = 2.0) with data from a national, random household survey of residents in Colombia, South America. After accounting for the effects of age, gender, and family life events other than violence, support from family buffered the relations between exposure to violence and adjustment; this relation was strongest for girls and younger adolescents. Disclosure to friends appeared to be protective for younger adolescents but harmful for older adolescents, and this relation was only observed for hopelessness. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive processing models of adjustment to violence.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.971

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Secure and consistent caregiving appears critical for children to withstand extreme war and conflict stressors, supported by a strong evidence base.
“A strong evidence base supports the claim that secure and consistent caregiving relationships are critical in order for children to weather the extreme stressors of war and conflict.84–91”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [89]

Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,644 · see citing works
A self-rating depression scale
ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 · Cited by 9,813 · see citing works
A Rating Instrument For Anxiety Disorders
Zung, W. W. K. (1971) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(71)71479-0 · Cited by 4,578 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1992) · Cited by 3,325 · see citing works
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods.
Mayer, L. S., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Morgenstern, H. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288427 · Cited by 2,905 · see citing works
Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models
Barrera, M. (1986) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00922627 · Cited by 2,579 · see citing works
The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: Lessons from research on successful children.
Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.205 · Cited by 2,438 · see citing works
Life-Span Development and Behavior
Baltes, P. B., Featherman, D. L., & Lerner, R. M. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807584 · Cited by 2,405 · see citing works
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods.
Pocock, S., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Morgenstern, H. (1983) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531133 · Cited by 1,893 · see citing works
Life-Span Development and Behavior
Baltes, P. B., Featherman, D. L., Lerner, R. M., Brim, O. G., & Perlmutter, M. C. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,805 · see citing works
Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture
Collins, W. A., Maccoby, E. E., Steinberg, L., Hetherington, E. M., & Bornstein, M. H. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.2.218 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Doing Research on Sensitive Topics
McCarthy, W., & Lee, R. M. (1995) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3341018 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Competence in the context of adversity: Pathways to resilience and maladaptation from childhood to late adolescence
Masten, A. S., Hubbard, J., Gest, S. D., Tellegen, A., Garmezy, N., & Ramirez, M. (1999) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579499001996 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Stressful life events, genetic liability, and onset of an episode of major depression in women
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.6.833 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS
Hamilton, J. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91977-5 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
The role of exposure to community violence and developmental problems among inner-city youth
GORMAN–SMITH, D., & TOLAN, P. (1998) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579498001539 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Adolescents' Exposure to Violence and Associated Symptoms of Psychological Trauma
Singer, M. I. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300051036 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Emotion, Disclosure, and Health
Pennebaker, J. W. (1995) · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Doing research on sensitive topics
Shaw, D. (1994) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/0740-8188(94)90018-3 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Children's social networks and social supports
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1791 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Children in Danger: Coping with the Consequences of Community Violence
Garbarino, J., Dubrow, N. F., Kostelny, K., & Pardo, C. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Factors associated with the use of violence among urban black adolescents.
DuRant, R. H., Cadenhead, C., Pendergrast, R. A., Slavens, G. A., & Linder, C. W. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.4.612 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Searching for Meaning in Misfortune: Making Sense of Incest
Silver, R. C., Boon, C., & Stones, M. H. (1983) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1983.tb00142.x · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Social constraints, intrusive thoughts, and depressive symptoms among bereaved mothers.
Lepore, S. J., Silver, R. C., Wortman, C. B., & Wayment, H. A. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.70.2.271 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Psychosocial sequelae of violent victimization in a national youth sample.
Boney‐McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.5.726 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
COMPETENCE AND STRESS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN: THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILY QUALITIES
Masten, A. S., Garmezy, N., Tellegen, A., Pellegrini, D. S., Larkin, K., & Larsen, A. (1988) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00751.x · Cited by 457 · see citing works
The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence.
Kliewer, W. L., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D. L., & Johnson, P. D. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.66.1.199 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reaction to trauma: A cognitive processing model.
Creamer, M. C., Burgess, P., & Pattison, P. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.3.452 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
No Safe Haven II: The Effects of Violence Exposure on Urban Youth
Schwab‐Stone, M., Chen, C., Greenberger, E., SILVER, D., Lichtman, J. H., & Voyce, C. K. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00007 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Talking facilitates cognitive-emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor.
Lepore, S. J., Ragan, J. D., & Jones, S. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.3.499 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Social constraints, intrusive thoughts, and depressive symptoms among bereaved mothers.
Lepore, S. J., Silver, R. C., Wortman, C. B., et al. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.271 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Reaction to trauma: A cognitive processing model.
Creamer, M. C., Burgess, P., & Pattison, P. E. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.3.452 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children
Dyregrov, A., Gupta, L., Gjestad, R., & Mukanoheli, E. (2000) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1007759112499 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The role of social and cognitive processes in children's adjustment to community violence.
Kliewer, W. L., Lepore, S. J., Oskin, D. L., et al. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.199 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Effects of Political Violence on Palestinian Children's Behavior Problems: A Risk Accumulation Model
Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01717.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Family Conflict and Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior: Protective Factors
Formoso, D., Gonzales, N. A., & Aiken, L. S. (2000) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1005135217449 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The Effects of Political Violence on Palestinian Children's Behavior Problems: A Risk Accumulation Model
Garbarino, J., & Kostelny, K. (1996) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131684 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Developmental and family milieu correlates of resilience in urban children who have experienced major life stress
Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., WORK, W. C., & Parker, G. R. (1991) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00938033 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The Implications of Cognitive‐experiential Self‐theory for Research in Social Psychology and Personality1
Epstein, S. J. (1985) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1985.tb00057.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mental rumination, social sharing, and the recovery from emotional exposure.
Rimé, B. (1995) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10182-013 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Life Stressors, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Resources: A Focus on Inner-City Children's Adjustment
Dubow, E. F., Edwards, S., & Ippolito, M. F. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2602_2 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Adolescents' exposure to violence and associated symptoms of psychological trauma
Singer, M. I. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.273.6.477 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Nine years after child sexual abuse
Swanston, H. Y., Plunkett, A. M., O’Toole, B. I., Shrimpton, S., Parkinson, P., & Oates, R. K. (2003) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(03)00143-1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
Pfefferbaum, B. J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199711000-00011 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Social support as a protective factor for children in stress.
Sandler, I. N., Miller, P. E., Short, J. L., & Wolchik, S. A. (1989) · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Stress and the Cognitive-Conversational Benefits of Social Interaction
Clark, L. F. (1993) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1993.12.1.25 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Coping During Childhood and Adolescence: A Motivational Perspective
Skinner, E. A., & Wellborn, J. G. (2019) · Life-Span Development and Behavior · doi:10.4324/9781315789255-3 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Exposure to community violence and African American children: A multidimensional model of risks and resources
Hill, H. M., & Madhere, S. (1996) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199601)24:1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Family moderators of the relation between hassles and behavior problems in inner-city youth
Kliewer, W. L., & Kung, E. M. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2703_5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biology and ecology of parenting
Bornstein, M. H. (1995) · Lawrence Erlbaum Associates eBooks · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Urban youth under stress: Empirical identification of protective factors
Weist, M. D., Freedman, A. H., Paskewitz, D. A., Proescher, E., & Flaherty, L. T. (1995) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01536952 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Responses to civilian war experiences: Predictors of psychological functioning and coping
Michultka, D. M., Blanchard, E. B., & Kalous, T. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024412931068 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Depression in the Normal Adult Population
Zung, W. W. K. (1971) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(71)71529-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Talking facilitates cognitive-emotional processes of adaptation to an acute stressor.
Lepore, S., Ragan, J., & Jones, S. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.499 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nonviolent Youth in a Violent Society: Resilience and Vulnerability in the Country of Colombia
Klevens, J., & Roca, J. (1999) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.14.3.311 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Trauma Response of Children and Adolescents
Schwarz, E. D., McNally, R. J., & Yeh, L. C. (1998) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30270-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Managing Murder
Fox, G. L., von Bargen, J., & Jester, M. (1996) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251396017006001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
La solidaridad familiar... ¿la solidaridad familiar? : algunas ideas sobre el peso de una idea
Villarreal, C. C. Z. (1998) · Estudios Sociológicos de El Colegio de México · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience
Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260802090363 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., Gipson, P. Y., Campbell, A. J., Krochock, K., & Westerholm, R. I. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.011 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care
Betancourt, T. S., Meyers-Ohki, S. E., Charrow, A. P., & Tol, W. A. (2013) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0b013e318283bf8f · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Domestic violence exposure in Colombian adolescents: Pathways to violent and prosocial behavior
Mejia, R., Kliewer, W., & Williams, L. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20116 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
Friendship quality moderates the relation between maternal anxiety and trajectories of adolescent internalizing symptoms
Havewala, M., Felton, J. W., & Lejuez, C. W. (2019) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-019-09742-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Childhood injury prevention in Israel
Hemmo-Lotem, M., Jinich-Aronowitz, C., Silbinger, O., et al. (2000) · Injury Control and Safety Promotion
The role of the ministry of health in preventing injuries and violence
Krug, E. G., & Sminkey, L. (2007) · International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion · doi:10.1080/17457300701587319 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Does improving poison prevention practices reduce childhood poisoning rates
Forjuoh, S. N. (2016) · International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion · doi:10.1080/17457300.2016.1129748 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trajectories of Children's Attitudes and Beliefs About Violence in Families Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Grogan‐Kaylor, A. C., Howell, K. H., Miller‐Graff, L. E., et al. (2018) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00019
Child Maltreatment and Polyvictimization as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in Women From the General Population of Quebec
Brassard, A., Tourigny, M., Dugal, C., Lussier, Y., Sabourin, S., & Godbout, N. (2019) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801219857824 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Authors: Kliewer, W., Murrelle, L., Mejia, R., Torres de G., Y., & Angold, A.
Affiliations: Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
ORCID: Kliewer, Wendy
Murrelle, Lenn
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2001-12
Volume: 69
Issue: 6
Pages: 971-982
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.971
OpenAlex: W1984739824
Cited by: 80
References: 58
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 1.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1k01da000386-01a1)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA00386-01A1)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: violence exposure, domestic violence, internalizing problems, adolescents, family support, disclosure to friends, hopelessness, protective factors, gender differences, age differences, cognitive processing models, Colombia
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Cognition, Colombia, Depression, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Random Allocation, Self Disclosure, Social Support, Domestic Violence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Exposure to violence against a family member and internalizing symptoms in Colombian adolescents: The protective effects of family support.

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks