The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience
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This paper examines the concept of resilience in the context of children affected by armed conflict. Resilience has been frequently viewed as a unique quality of certain 'invulnerable' children. In contrast, this paper argues that a number of protective processes contribute to resilient mental health outcomes in children when considered through the lens of the child's social ecology. While available research has made important contributions to understanding risk factors for negative mental health consequences of war-related violence and loss, the focus on trauma alone has resulted in inadequate attention to factors associated with resilient mental health outcomes. This paper presents key studies in the literature that address the interplay between risk and protective processes in the mental health of war-affected children from an ecological, developmental perspective. It suggests that further research on war-affected children should pay particular attention to coping and meaning making at the individual level; the role of attachment relationships, caregiver health, resources and connection in the family, and social support available in peer and extended social networks. Cultural and community influences such as attitudes towards mental health and healing as well as the meaning given to the experience of war itself are also important aspects of the larger social ecology.
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- Authors
- Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Betancourt, Theresa Stichick
- Venue
- International Review of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 317-328
- ISSN
- 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1627
- PMC
- PMC2613765
- OpenAlex
- W2125865087
- Cited by
- 840
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 22.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH077246)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- resilience, children in armed conflict, child mental health, risk and protective factors, social ecology, war trauma, coping, meaning-making, attachment relationships, caregiver health, family social support, war experience
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Community Mental Health Services, Cultural Characteristics, Culture, Family, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Refugees, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Warfare, Child, Orphaned
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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