Changes in cognitive content during and following cognitive therapy for recurrent depression: Substantial and enduring, but not predictive of change in depressive symptoms
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The authors examined the amount and durability of change in the cognitive content of 156 adult outpatients with recurrent major depressive disorder after treatment with cognitive therapy. The pre-post magnitude of change was large for the Attributional Style Questionnaire Failure composite (d = 0.79), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (d = 1.05), and Self-Efficacy Scale (d = 0.83), and small for the Attributional Style Questionnaire Success composite (d = 0.30). Changes in cognitive content were clinically significant, as defined by their 64%-87% scores overlapping with score distributions from community dwellers. Improvement was durable over a 2-year follow-up. Changes in negative cognitive content could be detected early and distinguished responders from nonresponders. In responders, continuation-phase cognitive therapy was associated with further improvements on only 1 measure of cognitive content. Early changes in negative cognitive content did not predict later changes in depressive symptoms, which the authors discuss in the context of methodological challenges and the cognitive theory of depression.
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Mediation studies of CT relied on retrospective self-report measures of thoughts and beliefs, which are likely confounded by responder biases and demand characteristics and unlikely to match ongoing cognition.
“These studies, however, relied upon retrospective self-report measures of thoughts and beliefs, which are likely to be confounded by responder biases and demand characteristics, and unlikely to match ongoing, moment-to-moment cognition (Jarrett, Vittengl, Doyle, & Clark, 2007).”
From Coping Skills and Exposure Therapy in Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia: Latest Advances and Future Directions (2012) · cites this paper as Jarrett, Vittengl, Doyle, & Clark, 2007
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- Authors
- Jarrett, R. B., Vittengl, J. R., Doyle, K., & Clark, L. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Truman State University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 432-446
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- PMC
- PMC2605093
- OpenAlex
- W2045643626
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-38238; MH-01571)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive therapy, recurrent major depressive disorder, cognitive content, attributional style, dysfunctional attitudes, self-efficacy, treatment response prediction, cognitive theories of depression
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adult, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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