The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Modeling and attributional effects on children's achievement: A self-efficacy analysis.
Open accessAbstract
Children showing low arithmetic achievement received either modeling of division operations or didactic instruction, followed by a practice period. During practice, half of the children in each instructional treatment received effort attribution for success and difficulty. Both instructional treatments enhanced division persistence, accuracy, and perceived efficacy, but cognitive modeling produced greater gains in accuracy. In the context of competency development, effort attribution had no significant effect either on perceived efficacy or on arithmetic performance. Perceived efficacy was an accurate predictor of arithmetic performance across levels of task difficulty and modes of treatment. The treatment combining modeling with effort attribution produced the highest congruence between efficacy judgment and performance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Self-percepts of efficacy can affect people's choice of activities, how much effort they expend, and how long they will persist in the face of difficulties (Bandura, 1977a;Brown & Inouye, 1978;Schunk, 1981).”
From Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. (1981) · cites this paper as Schunk, 1981
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
- STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES
Reddy, M. V. (2014) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17560-26 · Cited by 12,121
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586
Multiple regression in behavioral research
Kerlinger, F. N., & Pedhazur, E. J. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,919
Social learning and clinical psychology.
Rotter, J. B. (1954) · Prentice-Hall, Inc eBooks · doi:10.1037/10788-000 · Cited by 4,086
A DYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Lewin, K. (1936) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-193611000-00051 · Cited by 3,779
Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior
JONES, E. E. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,760
A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences
Weiner, B. (1979) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.71.1.3 · Cited by 2,453
Cognitive-Behavior Modification: An Integrative Approach
Meichenbaum, D. H. (1977) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,619
Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change.
Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., & Beyer, J. (1977) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.35.3.125 · Cited by 1,392
Analysis of self-efficacy theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01663995 · Cited by 1,338
The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness.
Dweck, C. S. (1975) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077149 · Cited by 1,315
Causal schemata and the attribution process
Kelley, H. H. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,093
Lewin, K. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10319-006 · Cited by 873
Revelle, W., Atkinson, J. W., & Raynor, J. O. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421673 · Cited by 810
Tests of the generality of self-efficacy theory
Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., Hardy, A. B., & Howells, G. N. (1980) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173354 · Cited by 723
Personality and the behavior disorders
Hunt, J. (1944) · Cited by 621
Self-worth and school learning
Covington, M. V., & Beery, R. G. (1976) · Cited by 420
Weiner, B. L., Heckhausen, H., & Meyer, W. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032307 · Cited by 378
Effort: The double-edged sword in school achievement.
Covington, M. V., & Omelich, C. L. (1979) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.71.2.169 · Cited by 377
(1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-11397-9 · Cited by 374
Foundations of an attributional theory of performance.
Kukla, A. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0033494 · Cited by 322
Persistence and the causal perception of failure: Modifying cognitive attributions.
Andrews, G. R., & Debus, R. L. (1978) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.70.2.154 · Cited by 257
Are causal attributions causal? A path analysis of the cognitive model of achievement motivation.
Covington, M. V., & Omelich, C. L. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.9.1487 · Cited by 191
Attributional determinants of achievement-related behavior.
Kukla, A. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032244 · Cited by 178
5: An Attributional Approach for Educational Psychology
Weiner, B. L. (1976) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x004001179 · Cited by 146
Persistence in children's reading behavior as a function of N length and attribution retraining.
Chapin, M., & Dyck, D. G. (1976) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.85.5.511 · Cited by 130
Covington, M. V., & Omelich, C. L. (1979) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.71.5.688 · Cited by 109
Fear of Failure in the Student Experience.
Beery, R. G. (1975) · The Personnel and Guidance Journal · Cited by 58
MOTIVATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN COMPETENCE.
Moulton, R. W. (1967) · Cited by 32
Children's social attributions: development and change.
Guttentag, M., & Longfellow, C. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bandura, A. Social learning perspective on behavior change. In A. Burton (Ed.), What makes behavior change possible? New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1976.
- Bandura, A. The self' and mechanisms of agency. In J. Suls (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives on the self Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, in press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
Bandura, A. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.37.2.122 · Cited by 15,975
Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.82.1.33 · Cited by 8,332
Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test
Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/249688 · Cited by 6,553
Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings
Pajares, F. (1996) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170653 · Cited by 4,688
The four-phase model of interest development
Hidi, S., & Renninger, K. A. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_4 · Cited by 4,702
Metadata
- Authors
- Schunk, D. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Houston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schunk, Dale H.
- ORCID
- Schunk, Dale H.
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Psychology
- Published
- 1981-02
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-105
- ISSN
- 0022-0663 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2176
- OpenAlex
- W1993955037
- Cited by
- 781
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 21.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- libres.uncg.edu
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Social Sciences › Education › Mathematics Education and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- self-efficacy, effort attribution, cognitive modeling, arithmetic performance, division operation, children's mathematics learning, perceived efficacy, task difficulty, learning persistence, didactic teaching
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
