Cited by 1,107Personality Traits and PsychologyEmotions and Moral BehaviorSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Two faces of narcissism.

Wink, Paul·1991·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

The present study examines the lack of strong correlations among existing self-report measures of narcissism. A principal-components analysis of 6 MMPI narcissism scales resulted in 2 orthogonal factors, 1 implying Vulnerability-Sensitivity and the other Grandiosity-Exhibitionism. Although unrelated to each other, these 2 factors were associated with such core features of narcissism as conceit, self-indulgence, and disregard of others. Despite this common core, however, Vulnerability-Sensitivity was associated with introversion, defensiveness, anxiety, and vulnerability to life's traumas, whereas Grandiosity-Exhibitionism was related to extraversion, self-assurance, exhibitionism, and aggression. Three alternative interpretations of these results are considered, and an argument for the distinction between covert and overt narcissism is made.

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Authors: Wink, P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Wink, Paul
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 61
Issue: 4
Pages: 590-597
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.590
OpenAlex: W4243801562
Cited by: 1,107
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 69 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: narcissism, self-enhancement, self-promotion, self-concept
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, MMPI, Narcissism, Personality Disorders, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Social Adjustment

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Two faces of narcissism.

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