The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Some studies have found that women, who are more expressive, also report experiencing more emotion than men (Choti, Marston, Holston, & Hart, 1987; Greenwald et al., 1989; Gross & Levenson, 1993; Schwartz et al., 1980)”
From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Gross & Levenson, 1993
In the citing paper
“Previous research has shown that inhibiting emotion-expressive behavior (emotion suppression) leads to increased sympathetic activation of the cardiovascular system (Gross & Levenson, 1993).”
From Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. (2008) · cites this paper as Gross & Levenson, 1993
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,006
Cai, R. Y., Richdale, A. L., Foley, K., Trollor, J. N., & Uljarević, M. (2017) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2017.10.002 · Cited by 36
Strategies for remediating the impact of math anxiety on high school math performance
Pizzie, R. G., & Kraemer, D. J. M. (2023) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-023-00188-5 · Cited by 48
Coping with Emotional Distress via Self-Disclosure to Robots: An Intervention with Caregivers
Laban, G., Morrison, V., Kappas, A., & Cross, E. S. (2025) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01207-0 · Cited by 46
Emotion regulation and intragroup conflict: when more distracted minds prevail
Griffith, J. A., Connelly, S., & Thiel, C. E. (2014) · International Journal of Conflict Management · doi:10.1108/ijcma-04-2012-0036 · Cited by 38
Perceived emotion suppression and culture: Effects on psychological well‐being
Kwon, H., & Kim, Y.-H. (2018) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12486 · Cited by 32
Emotion regulation and mood brightening in daily life vary with depressive symptom levels
Panaite, V., Koval, P., Dejonckheere, E., & Kuppens, P. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1543180 · Cited by 31
The Impact of Experienced and Expressed Emotion on Legal Factfinding
Salerno, J. M. (2021) · Annual Review of Law and Social Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-021721-072326 · Cited by 34
Okumura-Clark, A., Espinoza, M. D. C., Boudesseul, J., & Heimark, K. R. (2021) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-021-00889-z · Cited by 33
Cardiovascular Effects of Acute Positive Emotional Arousal
Lackner, H. K., Weiss, E. M., Hinghofer-Szalkay, H. G., & Papousek, I. (2013) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-013-9235-4 · Cited by 31
Emotion suppression reduces hippocampal activity during successful memory encoding
Binder, J. C., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., Friese, M., Luechinger, R., Boesiger, P., & Rasch, B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.007 · Cited by 34
Sang, B., Pan, T., Deng, X., & Zhao, X. (2017) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2017.1309008 · Cited by 30
Katsumi, Y., & Dolcos, S. M. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.010 · Cited by 34
Solak, N., Tamir, M., Sümer, N., Jost, J. T., & Halperin, E. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09883-5 · Cited by 37
Cerolini, S., Zagaria, A., Vacca, M., Spinhoven, P., Violani, C., & Lombardo, C. (2022) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs12120474 · Cited by 30
How Social Norms Promote Misleading Social Feedback and Inaccurate Self‐Assessment
Fay, A. J., Jordan, A., & Ehrlinger, J. M. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00420.x · Cited by 33
Herbert, C., Deutsch, R., Sütterlin, S., Kübler, A., & Pauli, P. (2011) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-011-0026-1 · Cited by 30
Gong, L., Li, W., Zhang, D., & Rost, D. H. (2016) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1042462 · Cited by 21
Dhillon, M. (2023) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11089-023-01070-2 · Cited by 36
Emotion regulation unveiled through the categorical lens of attachment
Domic‐Siede, M., Guzmán‐González, M., Sánchez‐Corzo, A., Álvarez, X., Araya, V., Espinoza, C., Zenis, K., & Marín-Medina, J. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01748-z · Cited by 47
Thomassin, K., Guérin‐Marion, C., Venasse, M., & Shaffer, A. (2017) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0158-3 · Cited by 32
Schick, M. R., Weiss, N. H., Contractor, A. A., Suazo, N., & Spillane, N. S. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2920 · Cited by 35
Kircher, J. C., Packard, T. T., Bell, B., & Bernhardt, P. C. (2001) · doi:10.21236/ada404128 · Cited by 29
Taking charge of one's feelings: Sense of power and affect regulation
Leach, S., & Weick, M. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109958 · Cited by 29
No fear, no panic: probing negation as a means for emotion regulation
Herbert, C., Deutsch, R., Platte, P., & Pauli, P. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss043 · Cited by 28
Emotion Dysregulation Across Emotion Systems in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Musser, E. D., & Nigg, J. T. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1270828 · Cited by 30
van Osch, Y., Zeelenberg, M., Breugelmans, S. M., & Brandt, M. J. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000437 · Cited by 28
Gender and Physiological Effects in Connecting Disgust to Political Preferences
Friesen, A., & Jacobs, C. M. (2011) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2011.00819.x · Cited by 27
Kao, C.-H., Su, J. C., Crocker, J., & Chang, J. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9759-4 · Cited by 28
Sun, J.-W., Lin, P., Zhang, H., Li, J.-H., & Cao, F. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1385740 · Cited by 26
Effects of Emotion Suppression on Life Satisfaction in Americans and Chinese
Nam, Y., Kim, Y.-H., & Tam, K. K.-P. (2017) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022117736525 · Cited by 28
Baucom, B. R. W., Baucom, K. J. W., Hogan, J. N., Crenshaw, A. O., Bourne, S. V., Crowell, S. E., Georgiou, P. G., & Goodwin, M. S. (2018) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12353 · Cited by 24
Konok, V., Binet, M.-A., Korom, Á., Pogány, Á., Miklósi, Á., & Fitzpatrick, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2024.1276154 · Cited by 41
Kreibig, S. D., Samson, A. C., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12425 · Cited by 27
Self-citationThe role of inhibitory mechanisms in the regulation of facial expressiveness during pain
Karmann, A. J., Lautenbacher, S., & Miriam Kunz, A. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.11.016 · Cited by 27
이은경, Sherman, D. K., Chu, T., Suh, E. M., & Kim, H. S. (2009) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.1.008 · Cited by 26
Sibelli, A., Chalder, T., Everitt, H., Chilcot, J., & Moss-Morris, R. E. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.11.016 · Cited by 27
Salimzadeh, R., Hall, N. C., & Saroyan, A. (2020) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci9120227 · Cited by 33
Chen, W., & Liao, W. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697901 · Cited by 40
Brytek-Matera, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132413704 · Cited by 28
Han, D. E., Park, H. G., An, U., Kim, S. E., & Kim, Y.-H. (2022) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075221088521 · Cited by 29
Stress recognition in human-computer interaction using physiological and self-reported data
Liapis, A., Katsanos, C., Sotiropoulos, D. G., Xenos, M., & Καρούσος, Ν. (2015) · Panhellenic Conference on Informatics · doi:10.1145/2801948.2801964 · Cited by 27
Voluntary Emotion Suppression Modifies Psychophysiological Responses to Films
Reynaud, E., Khoury-Malhame, M. E., Blin, O., & Khalfa, S. (2012) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000074 · Cited by 31
Lipp, M. E. N., Pereira, M. M. B., Justo, A. P., & de Matos, T. M. G. (2006) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600006053 · Cited by 27
Shu, J., Ochsner, K. N., & Phelps, E. A. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-022-00115-8 · Cited by 27
Georgi, E., Petermann, F., & Schipper, M. (2013) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.855253 · Cited by 26
Harvey, J., Sanders, E. A., Ko, L. K., Manusov, V., & Yi, J. C. (2017) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2017.1315677 · Cited by 28
Physiological and emotional responses to evaluative stress in socially inhibited young adults
Duijndam, S., Karreman, A., Denollet, J., & Kupper, N. H. M. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107811 · Cited by 27
Emotional Regulation and Its Influence on the Experience of Stuttering Across the Life Span
Tichenor, S. E., Walsh, B. M., Gerwin, K. L., & Yaruss, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00467 · Cited by 30
Emotional experiences of service robots’ anthropomorphic appearance: a multimodal measurement method
Zhang, Y., Cao, Y., Proctor, R. W., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2023.2182751 · Cited by 28
Age‐Related Differences in Emotion Regulation within the Context of Sad and Happy TV Programs
Droulers, O., Lacoste‐Badie, S., & Malek, F. (2015) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20819 · Cited by 28
Robbins, B. D., & Vandree, K. (2009) · The Humanistic Psychologist · doi:10.1080/08873260802394533 · Cited by 26
The electrocortical modulation effects of different emotion regulation strategies
Gan, S., Yang, J., Chen, X., & Yang, Y. (2015) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-015-9339-z · Cited by 26
Cloning the clinician: A method for assessing illusory mental health
Shedler, J., Karliner, R., & Katz, E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10148 · Cited by 26
The differential effects of mood on age differences in the correspondence bias.
Mienaltowski, A., & Blanchard–Fields, F. (2005) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.589 · Cited by 26
Affect, cognition, the immune system and health
Kemeny, M. E., & Gruenewald, T. L. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62146-9 · Cited by 26
Olatunji, B. O., Cox, R. C., & Li, I. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101543 · Cited by 23
Balsamo, M., Carlucci, L., Padulo, C., Perfetti, B., & Fairfield, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02187 · Cited by 26
Davis, P., Gustafsson, H., Callow, N., & Woodman, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599925 · Cited by 26
Thumvichit, A. (2023) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-023-09809-8 · Cited by 30
Does the control of negative emotions influence blood pressure control and its variability?
Symonides, B., Holas, P., Schram, M., Śleszycka, J., Bogaczewicz, A., & Gaciong, Z. A. (2014) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.3109/08037051.2014.901006 · Cited by 26
Garner, T. A., & Grimshaw, M. (2011) · Audio Mostly Conference (AM) · doi:10.1145/2095667.2095672 · Cited by 25
Why do I contribute to organizational learning when I am ostracized? A moderated mediation analysis
Imran, M. K., Iqbal, J., Fatima, T., Iqbal, S. M. J., Jamal, W. N., & Nawaz, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2019.70 · Cited by 26
Experiencing and regulating sadness: Physiological and cognitive effects
Robinson, J. L., & Demaree, H. A. (2009) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.06.007 · Cited by 28
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire
Fujisato, H., Ito, M., Takebayashi, Y., Hosogoshi, H., Kato, N., Nakajima, S., Miyamae, M., Oe, Y., Usami, S., Kanie, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.064 · Cited by 23
Mir, I. A. (2023) · Journal of Internet Commerce · doi:10.1080/15332861.2021.2021582 · Cited by 26
Cut! that’s a wrap: regulating negative emotion by ending emotion-eliciting situations
Vujović, L., Opitz, P. C., Birk, J. L., & Urry, H. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00165 · Cited by 24
Jensen‐Johansen, M. B., O’Toole, M. S., Christensen, S., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Zakowski, S. G., Bovbjerg, D. H., Jensen, A. B., & Zachariae, R. H. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192729 · Cited by 24
Social and Emotional Theories of Aging
Jiang, D., & Fung, H. H.-L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812756-8.00006-2 · Cited by 24
Does suppressing negative emotion impair subsequent emotions? Two experience sampling studies
Ruan, Y., Reis, H. T., Zaręba, W., & Lane, R. D. (2019) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-019-09774-w · Cited by 24
Salgó, E., Bajzát, B., & Unoka, Z. (2021) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-021-00160-y · Cited by 34
Parkinson, B. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108696234 · Cited by 32
Matthies, S., Philipsen, A., Lackner, H. K., Sadohara, C., & Svaldi, J. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.017 · Cited by 24
Culture moderates the cardiovascular consequences of anger regulation strategy
Zhou, T., & Bishop, G. D. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.010 · Cited by 24
Sadness Is Believed to Signal Competence When Displayed With Passionate Restraint
Zawadzki, M. J., Warner, L. R., & Shields, S. A. (2012) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000106 · Cited by 26
Entertainment feature of a game using skin conductance response
Sakurazawa, S., Yoshida, N., & Munekata, N. (2004) · International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE) · doi:10.1145/1067343.1067365 · Cited by 24
Lemaire, M., El-Hage, W., & Frangou, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00571 · Cited by 23
Acceptance and the ethics of belief
Soter, L. K. (2023) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-023-01963-1 · Cited by 26
Effects of cognitive flexibility on dynamics of emotion regulation and negative affect in daily life
Wang, X., Shao, S., Cheng, H., Blain, S. D., Tan, Y., & Jia, L. (2024) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2024.2423154 · Cited by 28
Adolescents’ depressive symptoms moderate neural responses to their mothers’ positive behavior
Whittle, S., Yücel, M., Forbes, E. E., Davey, C. G., Harding, I. H., Sheeber, L., Yap, M. B. H., & Allen, N. B. (2011) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr049 · Cited by 24
Quirin, M., & Kühl, J. (2018) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000244 · Cited by 25
Self-regulation of emotional responses to Zika: Spiral of fear
Dillard, J., Yang, C., & Li, R. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199828 · Cited by 21
Reliability of Physiological Responses Induced by Basic Emotions: A Pilot Study
Jang, E.-H., Byun, S., Park, M., & Sohn, J. (2019) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-019-0209-y · Cited by 24
Cognitive Impairments of Sleep-Deprived Ovariectomized (OVX) Female Rats by Voluntary Exercise
Rajizadeh, M. A., Esmaeilpour, K., Motamedy, S., Borzadaran, F. M., & Sheibani, V. (2020) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.9.10.505 · Cited by 26
Comparison of emotion elicitation methods: 3 methods, 3 emotions, 3 measures
Boğa, M., Koyuncu, M., Kaça, G., & Bayazıt, O. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02984-5 · Cited by 25
Olatunji, B. O., Lohr, J. M., Sawchuk, C. N., & Patten, K. (2006) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9025-x · Cited by 23
Niermeyer, M. A., Ziemnik, R. E., Franchow, E. I., Barron, C. A., & Suchy, Y. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1502257 · Cited by 24
Fuentes‐Sánchez, N., Jaén, I., Escrig, M. A., Lucas, I., & Pastor, M. C. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13372 · Cited by 23
Using nostalgia films to stimulate spontaneous autobiographical remembering in Alzheimer’s disease.
Rasmussen, K. W., Salgado, S., Daustrand, M., & Berntsen, D. (2021) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.11.001 · Cited by 25
Stress and Coping Among Asian Americans: Lazarus and Folkman’s Model and Beyond
Chang, E. C., Tugade, M. M., & Asakawa, K. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-26238-5_19 · Cited by 25
Rosenthal, M. Z., Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (2006) · Journal of Emotional Abuse · doi:10.1300/j135v06n01_05 · Cited by 21
Broderick, J., Grisham, J. R., & Weidemann, G. (2013) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.005 · Cited by 22
Harrison, N., & Chassy, P. (2019) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000202 · Cited by 19
Lam, C. K., Walter, F. H., & Lawrence, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2502 · Cited by 26
Höfling, T. T. A., Alpers, G. W., Gerdes, A. B. M., & Föhl, U. (2021) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2021.1902786 · Cited by 23
Stefanovic, M., Rosenkranz, T., Ehring, T. W., Watkins, E. R., & Takano, K. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211009495 · Cited by 22
Cultural values, shame and guilt, and expressive suppression as predictors of depression
Liw, L., Çiftçi, A., & Kim, T. (2022) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.05.005 · Cited by 23
Rossi, A. A. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17030369 · Cited by 23
Tull, M. T., Jakupcak, M., & Roemer, L. (2010) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070903280491 · Cited by 22
Mohajerin, B., Dolatshahi, B., Shahbaz, A. P., & Farhoudian, A. (1970) · international journal high risk behaviors & addiction · doi:10.5812/ijhrba.8514 · Cited by 22
Zhou, T., Shang, Z., & Wang, D. (2016) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12149 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 970-986
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4247909000
- Cited by
- 1,262
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Keywords
- emotional suppression, emotion regulation, physiological measures, self-report, expressive behavior, emotional expression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review