The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis
Abstract
Five studies tested hypotheses derived from the sociometer model of self-esteem according to which the self-esteem system monitors others' reactions and alerts the individual to the possibility of social exclusion. Study 1 showed that the effects of events on participants' state self-esteem parallel
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In the citing paper
“Consistent with this school of thought, communal experiences were found to predict state self-esteem, both in experimental studies in which social inclusion was manipulated (e.g., Leary et al., 1995) and in naturalistic settings with relationship quality as predictor (e.g., Denissen et al., 2008).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Leary et al., 1995
In the citing paper
“To begin, trait extensions of sociometer theory have been tested and been found valid (M.R. Leary, Tambor, Terdal, & Downs, 1995).”
From Cultural norm fulfillment, interpersonal belonging, or getting ahead? A large-scale cross-cultural test of three perspectives on the function of self-esteem. (2015) · cites this paper as M.R. Leary, Tambor, Terdal, & Downs, 1995
In the citing paper
“A drop in self-esteem serves as a warning signal of potential social exclusion and motivates the individual to take steps to avoid rejection and improve one's standing in the social hierarchy”
From Why do people use Facebook? (2012) · cites this paper as Leary, Tambor, Terdal, & Downs, 1995
In the citing paper
“It has been proposed that self-esteem may act as a sociometer – a monitor of one's acceptability to the group.”
From Why do people use Facebook? (2012) · cites this paper as Leary, Tambor, Terdal, & Downs, 1995
In the citing paper
“According to the sociometer theory (46), shifts in self-views serve to reflect inclusionary status, with a drop in self-views signaling risk of exclusion.”
From Development of self-protective biases in response to social evaluative feedback (2017) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Research on the need-threat model has shown that ostracism can elicit negative affect (Sebastian et al., 2010), and reduce self-esteem (Jamieson, Harkins, & Williams, 2010; Leary, Terdal, Tambor, & Downs, 1995) even in the absence of active, targeted negative feedback such as bullying, harassment, or aggression.”
From Getting Fewer “Likes” Than Others on Social Media Elicits Emotional Distress Among Victimized Adolescents (2020) · cites this paper as Leary, Terdal, Tambor, & Downs, 1995
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
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The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
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Self-citation(1969) · Cited by 18,340
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Mead, G. H., Joas, H., Huebner, D. R., & Morris, C. W. (2015) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226112879.001.0001 · Cited by 12,419
Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
Bandura, A. (1978) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(78)90002-4 · Cited by 10,586
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
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Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 · Cited by 7,678
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/1529-1006.01431 · Cited by 3,893
Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.
Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.1.5 · Cited by 2,378
Cyberostracism: effects of being ignored over the Internet
Williams, K. D., Cheung, C. K. T., & Choi, W. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.748 · Cited by 2,276
Metadata
- Authors
- Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 518-530
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2135604017
- Semantic Scholar
- aefe2259c72b05d9e33403cb693d5076bee6554c
- Cited by
- 2,519
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 113 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 112 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 138 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 143 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 124 · 2016: 130 · 2015: 124 · 2014: 113 · 2013: 116 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 21.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- self-esteem, social exclusion, state self-esteem, social rejection
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