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Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships

Downey, Geraldine, Feldman, Scott I.·1996·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

People who are sensitive to social rejection tend to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to it. This article shows that this cognitive-affective processing disposition undermines intimate relationships. Study 1 describes a measure that operationalizes the anxious-expectations component of rejection sensitivity.

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“Further, although attachment anxiety is one individual difference variable pertinent to perceptions of rejection, there are related individual differences such as rejection sensitivity [43, 44] or excessive reassurance seeking [45] that may function similarly to attachment anxiety in the context of sexual decision-mak…”
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“Those high in rejection sensitivity have also been shown to be more likely to behave in ways that elicit the expected rejection from partners in the short term, again confirming their expectation (Downey & Feldman, 1996).”
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“…various negative emotions, including frustration, hate, and intense anger (e.g., Baumeister & Dhavale, 2001; Downey, Bonica, & Rincon, 1999; Downey & Feldman, 1996; Walker & MacDonald, 2010), which may lead to retaliatory aggression (e.g., Downey, Feldman, & Ayduk, 2000; Romero-Canyas,…”
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“Indeed, some cross-sectional studies show that NArelated personality traits are correlated with RS (e.g., neuroticism; Ayduk et al., 2008; Downey & Feldman, 1996) and interpersonal sensitivity (Wilhelm, Boyce, & Brownhill, 2004) in adults.”
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“As introduced by Downey and Feldman (1996), rejection sensitivity (RS) was originally conceptualized as an interpersonal cognitive structure stemming from early learning and attachment processes that fuels a dispositional preparedness to rapidly detect subtle social cues that signal rejection.”
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“Still, this ﬁnding indicates that for both men and women higher impulsivity, 15 emotion regulation difﬁculties, 26 and a fear of abandonment 31 (i.e., borderline traits) are associated with increased cyberstalking of intimate partners, and this effect is especially pronounced for women.”
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“To isolate the unique effects of RS-race, we measured anxious expectations of both interpersonal rejection (M ¼ 10.93, SD ¼ 4.34; a ¼ .74; Downey & Feldman, 1996) and rejection stemming from one’s socioeconomic status (M ¼ 8.07, SD ¼ 5.14, a¼ .85; Rheinschmidt & Mendoza-Denton, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
ORCID: Downey, Geraldine
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1996
Volume: 70
Issue: 6
Pages: 1327-1343
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1327
OpenAlex: W4241492439
Cited by: 2,110
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 135 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 98 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 104 · 2013: 93 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 16.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r29mh051113-01)
National Institute of Mental Health (R29-MH51113)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: rejection sensitivity, intimate relationships, interpersonal rejection, romantic relationships
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Rejection, Psychology, Social Perception, Social Support

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Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships

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