Cited by 1,064Attachment and Relationship DynamicsPersonality Traits and PsychologyMarriage and Sexual Relationships

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Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges.

Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe, Barrett, Lisa Feldman, Pietromonaco, Paula R.·1998·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238

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“Given prior research showing that partner self-disclosure is also beneficial for relationships (e.g., Laurenceau et al., 1998; Laurenceau et al., 2005), it was hypothesized that greater daily partner self-disclosure would also be associated with better sleep.”
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“It also reinforces the discloser–listener relationship (eg, Laurenceau, Barrett, & Pietromonaco, 1998 ), and strengthens social cohesion via the secondary and tertiary sharing that follows the primary social sharing of emotion (Harber & Cohen, 2005 ).”
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“, objectively coded) responsiveness mediate the association between selfdisclosure and interpersonal closeness (Canevello & Crocker, 2010; Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
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“[24] have shown that partner responsiveness is a significant component of the intimacy process that benefits rapport.”
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“At the individual level, self-disclosure represents a level of interpersonal intimacy typically reserved for close friends or loved ones (Laurenceau, Barrett, and Pietromonaco 1998) and plays a central role in the development and maintenance of relationships (Collins and Miller 1994).”
Background
Everyday protective buffering predicts intimacy and fear of cancer recurrence in couples coping with early‐stage breast cancer
Perndorfer, C., Soriano, E. C., Siegel, S. D., & Laurenceau, J. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4942 · Cited by 73
“Intimacy was assessed each morning and evening using three items from prior work assessing daily intimacy.(9,25) The first two items assessed how “intimate/connected” and “emotionally close” participants felt with their partner at that moment using a Likert‐type scale ranging from 0 = Not at all to 4 = Extremely.”
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“Stafford and Merolla (2007) found that long-distance partners with prolonged periods of separation between face-to-face visits experienced greater instability upon reunion.”
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Mizrahi, M., Hirschberger, G., Mikulincer, M., Szepsenwol, O., & Birnbaum, G. E. (2016) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2184 · Cited by 74
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“Self-disclosure is crucial for people to connect with each other, where it can improve the quality of interactions and closeness in relationships [1, 39].”
Background
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“Reciprocity of disclosure (i.e., self-disclosure of one member of a dyad is correlated with self-disclosure of the other member) has been consistently found in dyadic studies involving other types of relationships (e.g., Cozby, 1973; Derlega, Harris, & Chaikin, 1973; Dindia, Fitzpatrick, & Kenny, 1997; Laurenceau et a…”
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“632 18 (41) Female 12 (63) Female 14 (56) 26 (59) Employment status Employment status Working full time 0 (0) Working full time 13 (52) v(2) = 25.”
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“Research supports models of validation and pain empathy [15,25,36] by demonstrating that disclosing worries about pain or other forms of distress is related to greater perceived support [19,40].”
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“However, a reciprocal process when both parties self-disclose can better support intimacy by engaging both components of selfdisclosure (exposure and learning something personal about another) [97, 100] and by providing genuine responses that produce a positive feedback loop.”
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“This feeling of being understood, in turn, increases closeness and relationship satisfaction (Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“However, regardless of context, in situations when Issa perceives Gene as being truly responsive, it translates to feelings of psychological intimacy (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Reis et al., 2004).”
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“We included self-disclosure as it has been shown to be essential for the development of closeness in relationships (Finkenauer and Hazam 2000; Hendrick 1981; Laurenceau et al. 1998; Meeks et al. 1998).”
Method
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“Moreover, a high level of selfdisclosure resulting from features supporting self-presentation also enhances the likelihood of developing intimacy with others (Laurenceau et al., 1998), which is characterized with a strong emotional connection.”
Background
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“More important, PPR arises when such self-disclosures are met by attentive, responsive listening by the partner (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Reis & Shaver, 1988).”
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“Greater self-disclosure, whether it is negative or positive in content, affords more opportunities for responsive behavior (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Otto et al., 2015).”
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Background
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“In particular, self-disclosure serves to increase mutual understanding and trust in dyadic communication (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Rubin, 1975).”
Background
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“We believe that social support can provide a safe and stable environment for adolescents so that their needs, beliefs, attitudes, and values can be respected and they can feel more kindness and care (Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
Background
Does relationship communication matter in B2C service relationships?
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“50 (3-58) Marital status, n (%) Married 4 (77.”
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“This three-item measure was adapted from Laurenceau, Barrett, and Pietromonaco (1998) and our previous work (Manne et al., 2004).”
Method
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“reactions from others(9, 12, 13) that generate positive emotions and increase motivation to connect with others in the future.”
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“People perceive those who disclose more in person as responsive, intimate, and close (Laurenceau, Barrett, & Pietromonaco, 1998) and those who disclose more online as intimate (Park, Jin, & Jin, 2011), close (Lin & Utz, 2017), and likable (Limperos, Tamul, Woolley, Spinda, & Sun-dar, 2014).”
Background
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“For example, sharing personal information can lead to more closeness or intimacy, 3–6 more liking, 7 and more trust 8 between interaction partners, as well as leading to the development of new relationships.”
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“Moreover, Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated the effects using observations, rather than self-reports, of two different behaviors that risk rejection to increase interdependence— sharing positive and negative information about the self (see Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
Background
Buffering the responses of avoidantly attached romantic partners in strain test situations.
Farrell, A. K., Simpson, J. A., Overall, N. C., & Shallcross, S. L. (2016) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000186 · Cited by 51
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“Moreover, people are more willing to take a risk and reveal their needs and vulnerabilities to their partners when they believe their partners are responsive and supportive (Clark & Lemay, 2010; Laurenceau, Barrett, & Pietromonaco, 1998).”
Background
COMMENTARIES ON: Singles in Society and in Science
(2005) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli162&3_02 · Cited by 51
Long-distance texting: Text messaging is linked with higher relationship satisfaction in long-distance relationships
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“Broadly speaking, perceived partner responsiveness refers to a way of responding that communicates understanding, validation and warmth—long considered a critical ingredient for intimacy and satisfaction in close relationships (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Reis & Shaver, 1988).”
Background
Social Verification Theory: A New Way to Conceptualize Validation, Dissonance, and Belonging
Hillman, J. G., Fowlie, D. I., & MacDonald, T. K. (2022) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683221138384 · Cited by 63
“Indeed, research supports this corollary, emotional disclosures are much more effective in building intimacy than disclosures of information or fact (Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
Background
Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure
Caprariello, P. A., & Reis, H. T. (2010) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550610391914 · Cited by 53
Intimacy and Smartphone Multitasking—A New Oxymoron?
Amichai‐Hamburger, Y., & Etgar, S. (2016) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116662658 · Cited by 58
A remote social robot to motivate and support diabetic children in keeping a diary
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“Studies have shown that self-disclosure plays a central role in the development and maintenance of relationships as well as psychological well-being [17, 20, 21, 22].”
直播营销中社会临场感对线上从众消费的影响及作用机理研究——行为与神经生理视角
Xie, Y., Li, C., Peng, G. A. O., & Liu, Y. (2019) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.00990 · Cited by 49
Intimacy in Personal Relationships
Laurenceau, J., & Kleinman, B. M. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606632.035 · Cited by 52
Self-citation
Unmasking One’s True Self Facilitates Positive Relational Outcomes: Authenticity Promotes Social Approach Processes in Social Anxiety Disorder
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“People who perceive their partners positively become more responsive themselves, which leads to even more positive partner perceptions and so on, in an emerging process that results in higher quality relationships for both the partner and the self (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Reis et al., 2010).”
Background
Treatment of social approach processes in adults with social anxiety disorder
Alden, L. E., Buhr, K., Robichaud, M., Trew, J. L., & Plasencia, M. L. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000306 · Cited by 48
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“This empirically validated model (Laurenceau et al., 1998, 2005) describes intimacy as an interpersonal dynamic process (Laurenceau et al., 1998; Reis, 2017) that includes two components: self-disclosure of personal information and emotions creates an opportunity for the partner to be responsive…”
BackgroundMethod
Social support from weak ties: Insight from the literature on minimal social interactions
Moreton, J., Kelly, C. S., & Sandstrom, G. M. (2023) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12729 · Cited by 55
“Indeed, there may be downsides to relying too much on weak ties for support; given that emotional disclosure builds intimacy (Laurenceau et al., 1998), withholding opportunities for a strong tie to provide support can negatively affect one's closest relationships.”
Background
Observed and Perceived Disclosure and Empathy Are Associated With Better Relationship Adjustment and Quality of Life in Couples Coping With Vulvodynia
Rosen, N. O., Bois, K., Mayrand, M., Vannier, S. A., & Bergeron, S. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0739-x · Cited by 48
“The self-reportmeasures of perceived empathic response and disclosure were based on Laurenceau’s work (Laurenceau et al., 1998), but were adapted to reflect the definitions as outlined in the Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy (Reis&Shaver,1988).”
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“This experience is shaped by repeated, responsive, and personally relevant interactions, often culminating in increased intimacy, disclosure, and affective closeness (Altman & Taylor, 1973; Laurenceau et al., 1998).”
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“That, in turn, may foster open communication in day-to-day interactions and deepen the relationship (Laurenceau et al. 1998, 2004).”
Background
Towards an integrative attachment‐based model of relationship functioning
Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., Goncalves, C. V., & McCabe, M. P. (2013) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12047 · Cited by 47
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“Indeed, intimacy arises when individuals share and disclose information about themselves and the social partner expresses interest in learning this information ( Laurenceau, Barrett, & Pietromoaco, 1998 ).”
The impact of adult attachment style on organizational commitment and adult attachment in the workplace
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Disclosure of positive BRCA1/2-mutation status in young couples: The journey from uncertainty to bonding through partner support.
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The Influence of Prior Expectations of a Robot’s Lifelikeness on Users’ Intentions to Treat a Zoomorphic Robot as a Companion
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“The measurement for reciprocal liking was also adopted fromLaurenceau and FeldmanBarret [58] and contained two”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Relationship science informed clinically relevant behaviors in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: The Awareness, Courage, and Love Model
Maitland, D. W. M., Kanter, J. W., Manbeck, K. E., & Kuczynski, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.07.002 · Cited by 47

Authors: Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R.
ORCID: Laurenceau, Jean-Philippe
Barrett, Lisa Feldman
Pietromonaco, Paula R.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998
Volume: 74
Issue: 5
Pages: 1238-1251
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238
OpenAlex: W4294251817
Cited by: 1,064
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 74 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 9.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Marriage and Sexual Relationships
Keywords: intimacy, self-disclosure, partner disclosure, perceived partner responsiveness, interpersonal exchange, romantic relationships, interpersonal processes

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Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges.

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