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Cited by 13Digital Marketing and Social MediaKnowledge Management and SharingTechnology Adoption and User Behaviour

What Influences Users’ Intention to Share Works in Designer-Driven User-Generated Content Communities? A Study Based on Self-Determination Theory

Open access
Song, Hongcai, Wei, Jie, Jiang, Qianling·2023·Systems
DOI 10.3390/systems11110540
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Abstract

Designer UGC (user-generated content) communities serve as the epicenter of contemporary innovation and creativity, offering a platform for a broad design community to showcase their talents, communicate, and collaborate. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study constructs a research model aiming to delve deeply into the underlying driving factors influencing users’ intention to share their works within these communities. Through online surveys targeting UGC community users and employing structural equation modeling, this research validates the determinants affecting their sharing intentions and dissects the pathways of each influencing factor. The findings reveal that in designer UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit have a significant positive impact on users’ intention to share their works. This study offers profound insights into the intrinsic logic behind user behaviors in the design creativity domain, also providing robust guidance for the operation and management of online community platforms.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This study uses Self-Determination Theory to model designers’ intention to share works in designer-driven UGC communities, testing autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, value fit, and tie strength via survey and structural equation modeling. It finds 10 of 13 hypotheses supported, with relatedness showing the strongest direct effect on sharing intention and tie strength not significantly affecting it.

Key findings

  • Autonomy (H1: 0.269), competence (H2: 0.178), and relatedness (H3: 0.518) had significant positive impacts on work-sharing intention.
  • Online social support did not directly affect sharing intention, but positively influenced autonomy (H4: 0.717), competence (H5: 0.842), and relatedness (H6: 0.854); it also positively affected value fit (H10: 0.875) and tie strength (H11: 0.800).
  • Value fit positively affected autonomy (H7: 0.241) and tie strength (H12: 0.178), but its effects on competence (H8: 0.091, p = 0.258) and relatedness (H9: 0.080, p = 0.305) were not significant.
  • Tie strength did not significantly affect work-sharing intention (H13: 0.043, p = 0.624); overall, 10 of 13 hypotheses were supported and 3 were not.

Methods

  • Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the study built a questionnaire covering autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, value fit, tie strength, and work-sharing intention; a pilot test and expert feedback were used before distribution.
  • Participants were designers active in or sharing works on designer-driven UGC communities, recruited through China’s online designer community; the survey ran July–August 2023 via an online platform, yielding 326 responses and 301 high-quality valid questionnaires (effective recovery rate 92.33%).
  • Analysis used IBM SPSS and AMOS 23.0 for reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis, model fit testing with 5000 bootstrap samples, and structural equation modeling for path analysis.

Limitations

  • The paper states the sample predominantly consists of users from designer-driven UGC communities in China, so regional and cultural characteristics may limit generalizability.
  • The paper states the cross-sectional design prevents establishing causal relationships, and the questionnaire approach may be subject to recall bias and subjective evaluations.
  • Evident from the text: the sample is heavily skewed toward younger users (80.89% aged 18–25) and specific design fields, which may further constrain generalizability beyond the stated cultural limitation.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/systems11110540

Cites

107 of 107 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

10 of 52 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Premisecitation

    When individuals are given the right of choice or autonomy, their intrinsic motivation increases.

    “When individuals are given the right of choice or autonomy, their intrinsic motivation increases [52][53][54].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [52] Schnedler, 2020, Don’t patronize me! An experiment on preferences for authorship, J. Econ. Manag. Strategy source

      Section 3.3 suggests that reclaiming authorship may restore meaning to a person's effort, and the Conclusion reports that subjects valued having a say even when it could not change the outcome. The paper does not show that giving people a choice or autonomy increases their intrinsic motivation; it studies resistance to interference and preference for authorship. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [53] Zuckerman, 1978, On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically-motivated behavior, Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. source
    • cites [54] Wang, 2022, Use of machine learning to mine user-generated content from mobile health apps for weight loss to assess factors correlated with user satisfaction, JAMA Netw. Open source

      The Introduction defines “motivation factors” as value-added app attributes associated with user satisfaction, and the Discussion addresses their possible relationship to satisfaction and adherence. Searches for choice, autonomy, and intrinsic motivation found no passage saying that giving people a choice increases intrinsic motivation. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Findingown data

    In designer UGC communities, autonomy has a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.

    “The findings reveal that in designer UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit have a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In designer UGC communities, competence has a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.

    “The findings reveal that in designer UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit have a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In designer UGC communities, online social support has a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.

    “The findings reveal that in designer UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit have a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In designer UGC communities, value fit has a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.

    “The findings reveal that in designer UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit have a significant positive impact on users' intention to share their works.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 54
  • May combine two claims. 36
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 6

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Satisfying an individual's need for autonomy can stimulate their intention to share.

    “Martine and colleagues found in their research on employee knowledge-sharing behaviors that satisfying an individual's need for autonomy can stimulate their intention to share [63,64].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [63] Coun, 2019, ‘Let’s share!’The mediating role of employees’ self-determination in the relationship between transformational and shared leadership and perceived knowledge sharing among peers, Eur. Manag. J. source

      Section 5.1.2 reports that satisfaction of employees’ need for autonomy enhances their perceptions of knowledge sharing among peers. That supports the autonomy–knowledge-sharing link, but the study’s finding concerns perceptions of peers’ behavior, not an individual’s own intention to share. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [64] Nadzri, W.N.M., Hashim, A.J.C., Majid, M., Jalil, N.A.A., Alzoubi, H.M., and Alshurideh, M.T. (2023). The Effect of Information Technology on Business and Marketing Intelligence Systems, Springer.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Feelings of autonomy, competence, and belongingness on social media are positively correlated with the willingness to share works.

    “The research results of [61] indicated a positive correlation between feelings of autonomy, competence, and belongingness on social media and the willingness to share works, which can be attributed to social environments fostering the satisfaction of individual needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness [62].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [61] Demircioglu, 2019, Public employees’ use of social media: Its impact on need satisfaction and intrinsic work motivation, Gov. Inf. Q. source

      Section 2.2 links public employees’ social-media use with satisfaction of their autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs. Sections 3.2 and 4 examine need satisfaction and intrinsic work motivation, not willingness to share works. The claimed positive correlation with sharing willingness is therefore unsupported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    When the three psychological needs are met, they can guide positive results in various areas of life.

    “When they are met, they can guide positive results in various areas of life [52,53,58].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim2 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [52] Schnedler, 2020, Don’t patronize me! An experiment on preferences for authorship, J. Econ. Manag. Strategy source

      Section 3.3 (page unavailable) says that being regarded as independent or competent may have beneficial effects in real life, such as greater discretion or more interesting tasks. It does not say that meeting three psychological needs leads to positive results across various areas of life. (LLM, conf=0.75)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites [53] Zuckerman, 1978, On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically-motivated behavior, Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. source
    • cites [58] Gu, 2023, The effect of online review and interaction on value co-creation in tourism virtual community, Cogent Soc. Sci. source

      Section 2.3 (page unavailable) says that a supportive social context can meet basic needs and sustain internal motivation, and links internalized motivation to value co-creation in tourism virtual communities. It does not identify three psychological needs or say that meeting them leads to positive results across various areas of life. (LLM, conf=0.78)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Humans have three fundamental psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

    “A sub-theory of SDT, known as the Basic Psychological Needs Theory, posits that humans have three fundamental psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [51] Vansteenkiste, 2010, The development of the five mini-theories of self-determination theory: An historical overview, emerging trends, and future directions, Decade Ahead: Theor. Perspect. Motiv. Achiev. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Sporadic content sharing might diminish the creator's sense of presence and make it challenging to establish meaningful relationships with other designers, consequently reducing users' sharing behavior.

    “In designer UGC communities, sporadic content sharing might diminish the creator's sense of presence and make it challenging to establish meaningful relationships with other designers, consequently reducing users' sharing behavior [108,109].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [108] Tafesse, 2018, Implementing social media marketing strategically: An empirical assessment, J. Mark. Manag. source
    • cites [109] Li, 2021, Social media marketing strategy: Definition, conceptualization, taxonomy, validation, and future agenda, J. Acad. Mark. Sci. source

      The paper’s Throughputs and Types of SMMSs sections link social interactions and relationships with customer content sharing. They do not address sporadic posting, a creator’s sense of presence, or relationships specifically among designers, so the proposed causal chain is not supported. (LLM, conf=0.78)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The positive impact of these social supports enhances the sense of relatedness of game participants and deepens their desire to connect with others.

    “The positive impact of these social supports enhances the sense of relatedness of game participants and deepens their desire to connect with others.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [75] Longman, 2015, Sense of community, social identity and social support among players of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs): A qualitative analysis, J. Community Appl. Soc. Psychol. source

      The Results section (page unavailable) reports that WoW participants felt connected to other players and gained a sense of belonging. The discussion also reports that almost all participants drew social support from other players and that social connections contributed to the game's appeal. It does not establish that receiving support enhanced their sense of relatedness or deepened their desire to connect with others. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Participants in social games generally believe that they can obtain resources and emotional support from other members of the team.

    “Ref. [75] found through qualitative research that participants in social games generally believe that they can obtain resources and emotional support from other members of the team.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [75] Longman, 2015, Sense of community, social identity and social support among players of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs): A qualitative analysis, J. Community Appl. Soc. Psychol. source

      The Social Relationships Between MMOG Players section says almost all interviewed WoW players drew social support from other players, including help with game tasks and emotional support. The Social Support section adds an important limit: emotional support came from guildmates and close friends, not players generally. The claim extends these findings from WoW players to participants in social games broadly and does not preserve that limit. (LLM, conf=0.84)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    VF does not significantly influence RE (standardized regression weight = 0.080, p = 0.305), so H9 is not supported.

    “| OSS VF | → → | RE | 0.854 0.080 | 0.084 0.075 | 0 0.305 | H6 H9 | Support Not Support |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    RE positively influences WSI (standardized regression weight = 0.518, p < 0.001), supporting H3.

    “| CO RE | → → | WSI | 0.178 0.518 | 0.067 0.067 | 0.009 0 | H2 H3 | Support Support |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The factor loadings and CR values for all factors surpassed 0.9, and the AVE values exceeded 0.7.

    “The results (as shown in Table 4) indicated that the loadings and CR values for all factors surpassed 0.9, and the AVE values also exceeded 0.7, demonstrating that the relevant constructs involved exhibited strong convergent validity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Of the 13 hypotheses posited in this research, 10 were supported, while 3 were not.

    “Of the 13 hypotheses posited in this research, 10 were supported, while 3 were not.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    OSS positively influences CO (standardized regression weight = 0.842, p < 0.001), supporting H5.

    “| OSS VF | → → | CO | 0.842 0.091 | 0.087 0.077 | 0 0.258 | H5 H8 | Support Not Support |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Online social support has a positive influence on relatedness (H6: 0.854).

    “Although online social support did not directly impact the sharing intention, it has a positive influence on shaping a sense of self-determination, as reflected by online social support coefficients (H4: 0.717, H5: 0.842, H6: 0.854).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Value fit's influence on the feelings of competence is not significant (H8: 0.091).

    “However, its influence on the feelings of competence and relatedness is not significant.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    VF does not significantly influence CO (standardized regression weight = 0.091, p = 0.258), so H8 is not supported.

    “| OSS VF | → → | CO | 0.842 0.091 | 0.087 0.077 | 0 0.258 | H5 H8 | Support Not Support |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for value fit, tie strength, online social support, autonomy, competence, relatedness, and work-sharing intention scales were 0.912, 0.917, 0.936, 0.947, 0.935, 0.949, and 0.930, respectively.

    “Cronbach's alpha coefficients for value fit, tie strength, online social support, autonomy, competence, relatedness, and work-sharing intention scales were 0.912, 0.917, 0.936, 0.947, 0.935, 0.949, and 0.930, respectively.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    OSS positively influences RE (standardized regression weight = 0.854, p < 0.001), supporting H6.

    “| OSS VF | → → | RE | 0.854 0.080 | 0.084 0.075 | 0 0.305 | H6 H9 | Support Not Support |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    AU positively influences WSI (standardized regression weight = 0.269, p < 0.001), supporting H1.

    “| AU | → | | 0.269 | 0.069 | 0 | H1 | Support |”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    TS does not significantly influence WSI (standardized regression weight = 0.043, p = 0.624), so H13 is not supported.

    “| TS | → | | 0.043 | 0.090 | 0.624 | H13 | Not Support |”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Online social support has a positive influence on competence (H5: 0.842).

    “Although online social support did not directly impact the sharing intention, it has a positive influence on shaping a sense of self-determination, as reflected by online social support coefficients (H4: 0.717, H5: 0.842, H6: 0.854).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Competence is related to task-mastering and experience.

    “Competence is related to task-mastering and experience [55,56].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [55] White, 1959, Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence, Psychol. Rev. source
    • cites [56] Zeng, 2023, The impact of social nudges on user-generated content for social network platforms, Manag. Sci. source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    An increase in sharing intention is connected with an increase in individual competence.

    “Their results revealed a connection between an increase in sharing intention and an increase in individual competence [65].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [65] Gauvin, 2016, Association of implementation of a public bicycle share program with intention and self-efficacy: The moderating role of socioeconomic status, J. Health Psychol. source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Members' feelings of relatedness positively correlate with their intention to acquire and share knowledge in virtual communities.

    “Ref. [66], through their investigation into fostering a sense of belonging in virtual communities, discovered that members' feelings of relatedness positively correlated with their intention to acquire and share knowledge, further confirming the role of relatedness in promoting knowledge-sharing intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [66] Zhao, 2012, Cultivating the sense of belonging and motivating user participation in virtual communities: A social capital perspective, Int. J. Inf. Manag. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Through online social networking, individuals can gain richer emotional support and maintain a more comfortable emotional distance.

    “Through online social networking, individuals can not only gain richer emotional support but also maintain a more comfortable emotional distance [70].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [70] Colineau, 2010, Talking about your health to strangers: Understanding the use of online social networks by patients, New Rev. Hypermedia Multimed. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Online social support tends to have a more significant impact than actual support.

    “Ref. [68] argued that online social support tends to have a more significant impact than actual support.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [68] Mikulincer, M.E., Shaver, P.R., Cooper, M., and Larsen, R.J. (2015). APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 4: Personality processes and individual differences, American Psychological Association. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Network communication has been proved to help promote interaction between users.

    “As a way of computer media, network communication has been proved to help promote interaction between users [69].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [69] Coursaris, 2009, An analysis of social support exchanges in online HIV/AIDS self-help groups, Comput. Hum. Behav. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The questionnaire-based approach might be subject to recall bias and subjective evaluations.

    “The questionnaire-based approach might be subject to recall bias and subjective evaluations, especially when addressing subjective intentions and emotions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationcitation

    Excessive content sharing can harm users' sharing behaviors.

    “Similarly, excessive content sharing can also harm users' sharing behaviors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    A high degree of value fit can evoke resonance among designers.

    “A high degree of value fit can evoke resonance among designers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The reliability of the data was high, making them suitable for further analysis.

    “In summary, the reliability of the data was of high, making them suitable for further analysis.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The social interaction behavior of online community users affects users' sense of relatedness, trust level towards other users, and ultimately user community usage behavior.

    “The social interaction behavior of online community users affects users' sense of relatedness in the community, their trust level towards other users, and ultimately affects user community usage behavior [85].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [85] Chen, 2018, What drives live-stream usage intention? The perspectives of flow, entertainment, social interaction, and endorsement, Telemat. Inform. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    When an individual's core values align with those of others or an organization, the sense of closeness and relevance is enhanced.

    “When an individual's core values align with those of others or an organization, the sense of closeness and relevance is enhanced.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The perception of social support is related to intimate relationships.

    “The perception of social support is related to intimate relationships [83].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [83] Hobfoll, 1991, Women’s satisfaction with social support and their receipt of aid, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Online social interaction facilitates continuous interaction.

    “Thirdly, one of the characteristics of online social interaction is that it facilitates continuous interaction.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Compared to face-to-face interactions, online socializing offers a relatively low-pressure environment.

    “Moreover, compared to face-to-face interactions, online socializing offers a relatively low-pressure environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Similar values make it easier for individuals to trust one another, accept each other's viewpoints and actions, thereby increasing the stability and intimacy of the relationship.

    “Similar values make it easier for individuals to trust one another, accept each other's viewpoints and actions, thereby increasing the stability and intimacy of the relationship.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Sharing behavior is a manifestation of value-based decision-making.

    “Scholz and others have proposed that sharing behavior is a manifestation of value-based decision-making [81].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [81] Baek, E., Scholz, C., O’Donnell, M., and Falk, E. (2016). Neural correlates of selecting and sharing information. Int. Commun. Assoc. Fukuoka Jpn.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Self-affirmation of creative abilities lies at the heart of innovation.

    “Self-affirmation of creative abilities lies at the heart of innovation [100].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [100] Kelley, T., and Kelley, D. (2013). Creative Confidence: Unleashing the Creative Potential within Us All, Currency.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The tie strength between the sharer and the sharee significantly affects the sharer's self-presentation style.

    “Jang and others examined user self-presentation on Facebook, and the experimental results showed that the tie strength between the sharer and the sharee significantly affects the sharer's self-presentation style [86].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [86] Jang, W.E., Chun, J.W., Kim, J.J., and Bucy, E. (2021). Effects of self-presentation strategy and tie strength on Facebook users’ happiness and subjective vitality. J. Happiness Stud., 1–19. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Premisecitation

    The essence of a social platform is built on homologous values rather than homologous status.

    “The essence of a social platform is built on homologous values rather than homologous status [79].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [79] Tsvetovat, M., and Kouznetsov, A. (2011). Social Network Analysis for Startups: Finding Connections on the Social Web, O’Reilly Media, Inc.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in this study.

    “Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in this study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Online social support creates a positive communication atmosphere for users, promoting the free expression of views and values.

    “Online social support creates a positive communication atmosphere for users, promoting the free expression of views and values.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Social support can affect member willingness, encouraging members to communicate again using existing interaction platforms.

    “Existing studies have empirically proven that social support can affect member willingness, encouraging members to communicate again using existing interaction platforms [82].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [82] Bhattacherjee, 2001, An empirical analysis of the antecedents of electronic commerce service continuance, Decis. Support Syst. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Multiple fit indices should be considered collectively when evaluating model fit, rather than relying solely on the p-value.

    “Scholars such as Schumacker and Lomax [96] and Kline [97] have suggested that multiple fit indices should be considered collectively when evaluating model fit, rather than relying solely on the p-value.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [96] Schumacker, R.E., and Lomax, R.G. (2004). A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling, Psychology Press. source
    • cites [97] Kline, R.B. (2023). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Guilford publications.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The regional and cultural characteristics of the sample might influence the generalizability of the findings.

    “The regional and cultural characteristics of the sample might influence the generalizability of the findings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Online social capital significantly enhances emotional connection and social belonging in real life.

    “This kind of online social capital not only plays a role in the virtual environment but also significantly enhances the emotional connection and social belonging in real life [76].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [76] Trepte, 2012, The social side of gaming: How playing online computer games creates online and offline social support, Comput. Hum. Behav. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Some designers may worry that sharing their works on interactive designer platforms exposes them to risks related to personal information or idea leaks.

    “They may worry that sharing their works on interactive designer platforms exposes them to risks related to personal information or idea leaks.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Due to resource constraints, prolific creators might be compelled to create and share bland content lacking creativity, intensifying user fatigue and prompting opposition other than sharing behaviors.

    “Due to resource constraints, prolific creators might be compelled to create and share bland content lacking creativity [112,113], intensifying user fatigue and prompting opposition other than sharing behaviors.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [112] Audrezet, 2020, Authenticity under threat: When social media influencers need to go beyond self-presentation, J. Bus. Res. source
    • cites [113] Tafesse, 2021, Followers’ engagement with instagram influencers: The role of influencers’ content and engagement strategy, J. Retail. Consum. Serv. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The measurement items of this study were set and optimized according to relevant research results.

    “Considering the driving factors of the designer's intentions to share works in the UGC community, the measurement items of this study were set and optimized according to the relevant research results, and a multi-dimensional questionnaire survey was designed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    In designer-driven UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit all maintain a positive correlation with users' work-sharing intention.

    “Additionally, our findings indicate that within designerdriven UGC communities, factors such as autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, and value fit all maintain a positive correlation with users' work-sharing intention.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationown data

    When an individual's core values are not aligned with the mainstream environment, cognitive dissonance and feelings of unease arise.

    “Analysis in this study reveals that when an individual's core values are not aligned with the mainstream environment, cognitive dissonance and feelings of unease would arise.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    These factors form intricate interactions among cognition, emotion, and behavior, together influencing the designers' final decisions.

    “These factors form intricate interactions among cognition, emotion, and behavior, together influencing the designers' final decisions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    After the draft of the questionnaire was completed, a pre-test was conducted, and two experts in related fields were consulted.

    “After the draft of the questionnaire was completed, a pre-test was conducted, and two experts in related fields were consulted.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The establishment of intimate relationships usually requires repeated interactions.

    “The establishment of such relationships usually require repeated interactions [84].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [84] Laurenceau, 1998, Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A measurement scale is deemed to possess good convergent validity if both factor loadings and CR values are greater than 0.7 and the AVE value exceeds 0.5.

    “If both the factor loadings and CR values are greater than 0.7 [94], and the AVE value exceeds 0.5 [95], the measurement scale is deemed to possess good convergent validity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [94] Chin, 1998, The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling, Mod. Methods Bus. Res.

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [95] Fornell, 1981, Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error, J. Mark. Res. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    Some designers might be more sensitive to issues of privacy and confidentiality.

    “As for the hypothesis concerning the influence of tie strength on the work-sharing intention, the analysis results indicate that some designers might be more sensitive to issues of privacy and confidentiality.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Participants had a large age span and covered a wide range of professional backgrounds, including visual communication design, industrial design, product design, environmental design, clothing design, digital media design and public art design.

    “Participants had a large age span and covered a wide range of professional backgrounds, including but not limited to visual communication design, industrial design, product design, environmental design, clothing design, digital media design and public art design.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Value fit can reduce conflicts and frictions, maintaining a harmonious relationship.

    “Value fit can also reduce conflicts and frictions, maintaining a harmonious relationship.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    All selected respondents are designers who have either remained active within or have shared their works on designer-driven UGC communities.

    “All selected respondents are designers who have either remained active within or have shared their works on designer-driven UGC communities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    A good online community atmosphere can enhance information sharing and interaction among designers.

    “Secondly, a good online community atmosphere can enhance information sharing and interaction among designers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Value fit helps establish trust and identification.

    “Furthermore, value fit helps establish trust and identification.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The subjective nature of privacy issues, the widespread expansion of online platforms, multi-party participation, the nature of data disclosure, and associated ethics make determining the contradictory effects between personal privacy issues and behavior challenging.

    “The subjective nature of privacy issues, the widespread expansion of online platforms, multi-party participation, the nature of data disclosure, and associated ethics make determining the contradictory effects between personal privacy issues and behavior challenging [106,107].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [106] Jozani, 2020, Privacy concerns and benefits of engagement with social media-enabled apps: A privacy calculus perspective, Comput. Hum. Behav. source
    • cites [107] Jang, 2021, Beyond the privacy paradox: The moderating effect of online privacy concerns on online service use behavior, Telemat. Inform. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Social interaction, social support, and social capital, or the sense of social fulfillment, are primary motivations for people to use social media.

    “Social interaction, social support, and social capital, or the sense of social fulfillment, are primary motivations for people to use social media [102].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [102] Ellison, 2007, The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites, J. Comput.-Mediat. Commun. source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    Value fit can enhance users' autonomy, strengthening designers' identity with the UGC community environment.

    “Value fit can enhance users' autonomy, strengthening designers' identity with the UGC community environment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Our research validates and extends the application of Self-Determination Theory within the design discipline.

    “Our research validates and extends the application of Self-Determination Theory within the design discipline.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The application of Self-Determination Theory within creative and design contexts remains relatively limited.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Byrne's similarity-attraction paradigm posits that affirmation of one's viewpoints from external sources is a fundamental need for individuals, and the level of fulfillment of this need greatly affects them.

    “Byrne's similarity-attraction paradigm posits that affirmation of one's viewpoints from external sources is a fundamental need for individuals, and the level of fulfillment of this need greatly affects them.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    When an individual's core values are recognized and respected in a relationship, the sense of fulfillment intensifies, contributing to the improvement of the relationship's quality and depth.

    “Finally, when an individual's core values are recognized and respected in a relationship, the sense of fulfillment intensifies, contributing to the improvement of the relationship's quality and depth.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This may lead the individual to feel distanced from the social group, making it challenging to establish close social ties, subsequently diminishing their experiences of competence and relatedness.

    “This may lead the individual to feel distanced from the social group, making it challenging to establish close social ties, subsequently diminishing their experiences of competence and relatedness.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Tie strength triggers negative emotions in some designers, raising concerns about potential personal information leaks and ideas being plagiarized, which then act as constraints on the work-sharing intentions.

    “However, the tie strength triggers negative emotions in some designers, raising concerns about potential personal information leaks and ideas being plagiarized, which then act as constraints on the work-sharing intentions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The final sample comprised 301 high-quality valid questionnaires, with an effective recovery rate of 92.33%.

    “After excluding samples with low-quality responses (short duration or consistent answers across all scale items), 301 high-quality valid questionnaires were finally obtained, with an effective recovery rate of 92.33%, fully meeting the research needs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    When an individual's core values align with the platform's consensus, it creates a resonant environment for designers, encouraging them to genuinely express themselves, thus enhancing their sense of autonomy.

    “Therefore, when an individual's core values align with the platform's consensus, it creates a resonant environment for designers, encouraging them to genuinely express themselves, thus enhancing their sense of autonomy.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Behaviors in alignment with personal values stimulate users' intrinsic motivations, reducing external pressures.

    “Concurrently, behaviors in alignment with personal values stimulate users' intrinsic motivations, reducing external pressures.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Achieving value fit is a way to satisfy this need of individuals.

    “Achieving value fit is a way to satisfy this need of individuals [104].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [104] Norusis, M.J. (1992). SPSS for Windows: Base System User’s guide, Release 5.0, SPSS Incorporated.

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Prior to its official distribution, the study incorporated a pilot test and adjusted the questionnaire based on participants' feedback to guarantee the reliability of the questionnaire content.

    “Prior to its official distribution, the study incorporated a pilot test and adjusted the questionnaire based on participants' feedback to guarantee the reliability of the questionnaire content.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    These factors also influence individual self-expression on social media platforms.

    “These factors also influence individual self-expression on social media platforms [103].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [103] Reinecke, 2014, Authenticity and well-being on social network sites: A two-wave longitudinal study on the effects of online authenticity and the positivity bias in SNS communication, Comput. Hum. Behav. source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The confidentiality of respondents' personal information and answers was ensured, and their consent to participate was obtained.

    “We ensured the confidentiality of respondents' personal information and answers, and obtained their consent to participate in the survey.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Some designers might avoid sharing due to concerns about others' evaluations and criticisms.

    “Furthermore, some designers might avoid sharing due to concerns about others' evaluations and criticisms, aiming to sidestep potential negative consequences triggered by adverse feedback, such as disputes or misunderstandings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
77 of 77

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The sharing of user works decides the content quality, diversity, and appeal of UGC communities, which are crucial for sustainable community growth.

    “The sharing of user works decides the content quality, diversity, and appeal of UGC communities, which are crucial for sustainable community growth.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    UGC communities often grapple with content shortages.

    “As such, UGC communities often grapple with content shortages.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Designer-driven UGC communities are more oriented towards attracting professional designers or specialists in related fields.

    “Compared to traditional UGC communities, designer-driven UGC communities are more oriented towards attracting professional designers or specialists in related fields.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Users in designer-driven UGC communities typically possess a high degree of expertise and skills, with their content primarily delving into specialized areas like design, creativity, and art.

    “Users typically possess a high degree of expertise and skills, with their content primarily delving into specialized areas like design, creativity, and art.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The active participation and sharing by users are of great importance to the sustainable development of designer-driven UGC communities.

    “In terms of designer-driven UGC communities, the active participation and sharing by users are of great importance to their sustainable development.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Enhancing the intention to share works can infuse the community with valuable content, attracting more users and creating a virtuous cycle.

    “Enhancing the intention to share works can infuse the community with valuable content, attracting more users and creating a virtuous cycle.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Online social support can enhance tie strength by offering emotional support, sharing valuable information, and establishing deeper interactions.

    “Online social support can enhance tie strength by offering emotional support, sharing valuable information, and establishing deeper interactions.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    When individuals perceive that their inherent values align with the values of their surrounding environment or interpersonal relationships, they often experience a heightened sense of self-determination.

    “When individuals perceive that their inherent values align with the values of their surrounding environment or interpersonal relationships, they often experience a heightened sense of self-determination.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Value fit aids in enhancing the sense of self-determination, assisting individuals in building more intrinsically consistent and internally driven behavioral patterns.

    “In other words, value fit is considered an element that aids in enhancing the sense of self-determination, assisting individuals in building more intrinsically consistent and internally driven behavioral patterns.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The application of Self-Determination Theory within creative and design contexts remains relatively limited.

    “While SDT has been widely implemented across various disciplines, its exploration within creative and design contexts remains relatively limited.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The 301 high-quality valid questionnaires fully met the research needs.

    “After excluding samples with low-quality responses (short duration or consistent answers across all scale items), 301 high-quality valid questionnaires were finally obtained, with an effective recovery rate of 92.33%, fully meeting the research needs.”
11 of 11

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Several factor loadings do not surpass 0.9

    Minor

    The text says all factor loadings surpassed 0.9, but Table 4 reports multiple lower standardized loadings, including 0.891 for VF1.

  • Unsupported hypotheses are mislabeled H8

    Minor

    The discussion labels the reported results for Hypotheses 9 and 13 as H8, although the path-analysis table identifies them as H9 and H13.

2 of 2

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Nadzri, W.N.M., Hashim, A.J.C., Majid, M., Jalil, N.A.A., Alzoubi, H.M., and Alshurideh, M.T. (2023). The Effect of Information Technology on Business and Marketing Intelligence Systems, Springer.
  2. McLachlan, 2021, How Often to Post to Social Media in 2022, Hootsuite, 16, 2021

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Song, H., Wei, J., & Jiang, Q.
Affiliations
Jiangnan University (CN)
Corresponding author
Jiang, Qianling
ORCID
Venue
Systems
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-11-06
Volume
11
Issue
11
Pages
540
ISSN
2079-8954 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/systems11110540
OpenAlex
W4388419813
Cited by
13
References
106
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3
FWCI
5.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Systems (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Marketing and Social Media
  • Social Sciences › Communication › Knowledge Management and Sharing
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
Keywords
sharing intention, self-determination theory, autonomy, competence, relatedness, online social support, value congruence, design creativity, online community management

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-11-02.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-11-02.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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