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Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model
Abstract
An integrative model of the conative process, which has important ramifications for psychological need satisfaction and hence for individuals' well-being, is presented. The self-concordance of goals (i.e., their consistency with the person's developing interests and core values) plays a dual role in the model. First, those pursuing self-concordant goals put more sustained effort into achieving those goals and thus are more likely to attain them. Second, those who attain self-concordant goals reap greater well-being benefits from their attainment. Attainment-to-well-being effects are mediated by need satisfaction, i.e., daily activity-based experiences of autonomy, competence, and relatedness that accumulate during the period of striving. The model is shown to provide a satisfactory fit to 3 longitudinal data sets and to be independent of the effects of self-efficacy, implementation intentions, avoidance framing, and life skills.
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“Choices based on avoidance, social compliance, or fusion (e.g., “I should value X” or “A good person would value Y” or “My mother wants me to value Z”) are not helpful behaviorally (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) because they do not lead to the flexibility characteristic of choices linked to positive consequences.”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Contextual Behavioral Science: Examining the Progress of a Distinctive Model of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy (2013) · cites this paper as Sheldon & Elliot, 1999
In the citing paper
“past research on goal striving that has found that goal attainment relates positively to various indices of psychological health, including positive affect (e.g., Emmons & Diener, 1986), life satisfaction (e.g., Emmons, 1986), and subjective well-being (e.g., Sheldon & Elliot, 1999).”
From The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life (2009) · cites this paper as Sheldon & Elliot, 1999
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“Empirically, linking action to personal values has been shown to produce greater goal-directed effort and goal attainment (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999).”
From A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for Marijuana dependence in adults (2007) · cites this paper as Sheldon & Elliot, 1999
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 482-497
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4249122663
- Cited by
- 2,541
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 125 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 239 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 127 · 2018: 146 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 142 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 105 · 2012: 112
- FWCI
- 31.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- goal pursuit, need satisfaction, well-being, self-concordance, self-determination theory, intrinsic motivation
- MeSH terms
- Female, Goals, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Time Factors
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