The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The sounds of social life: A psychometric analysis of students' daily social environments and natural conversations.
Abstract
The natural conversations and social environments of 52 undergraduates were tracked across two 2-day periods separated by 4 weeks using a computerized tape recorder (the Electronically Activated Recorder [EAR]). The EAR was programmed to record 30-s snippets of ambient sounds approximately every 12 min during participants' waking hours. Students' social environments and use of language in their natural conversations were mapped in terms of base rates and temporal stability. The degree of cross-context consistency and between-speaker synchrony in language use was assessed. Students' social worlds as well as their everyday language were highly consistent across time and context. The study sheds light on a methodological blind spot--the sampling of naturalistic social information from an unobtrusive observer's perspective.
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“first-person singulars [88]”
From Personality, Gender, and Age in the Language of Social Media: The Open-Vocabulary Approach (2013) · cites this paper as [88]
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Cites
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Testing the benefits of expressive writing for workplace embitterment: a randomized control trial
Michailidis, E., & Cropley, M. (2019) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2019.1580694 · Cited by 20
“Studies have indeed indicated significant changes in patterns of speaking, use of references, and use of positive emotion words following the intervention (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialNissim, M., Patti, V., Plank, B., & Wagner, C. (2018) · doi:10.18653/v1/w18-11 · Cited by 20
Tomko, R. L., Brown, W. C., Tragesser, S. L., Wood, P. K., Mehl, M. R., & Trull, T. J. (2012) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2012_26_064 · Cited by 19
Self-citationPersonality assessment in daily life
Allemand, M., & Mehl, M. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804674-6.00027-2 · Cited by 21
“…content (e.g., health, food, politics), style (e.g., emotion words, past vs. present tense, swearing), and emotional expression (e.g., laughing, crying, arguing) using a validated coding scheme, the Social Environment Coding of Sound Inventory (SECSI; Mehl & Robbins, 2012; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
MethodSelf-citationLexical Patterns in Adolescents’ Online Writing: The Impact of Age, Gender, and Education
Hilte, L., Daelemans, W. M. P., & Vandekerckhove, R. (2020) · Written Communication · doi:10.1177/0741088320917921 · Cited by 24
“As for average word length, consistent gender findings are reported, with males producing longer words in both spoken and written (chat) conversations (Lin, 2007, pp. 21, 25; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003, p. 865; Newman et al., 2008, pp. 213–214, 223).”
BackgroundNarcissism, self-esteem, and the phenomenology of autobiographical memories
Jones, L. L., Norville, G. A., & Wright, A. M. (2016) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2016.1223848 · Cited by 24
“As in Study 1, and once again in agreement with prior findings (Holtgraves, 2011; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), proportions of first-person singular pronouns (I, me, mine) were greater for women (M = 11.43, SD = 1.88) than for men (M = 10.85, SD = 1.79), t(165) = 2.02, p≤ .05.”
ResultInfluentialImami, L., Tobin, E. T., Kane, H. S., Saleh, D. J., Lupro, T. H., & Slatcher, R. B. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu066 · Cited by 18
“The data were independently coded by 12 trained psychology student Table I. Descriptive Statistics Variable M (SD) Range Internal consistency (a) Inter-coder agreement (intra-class correlations) Maternal reports of child behaviors Internalizing symptoms 7.12 (6.76) 0–35 0.84 Externalizing symptoms 6.03 (7.39) 0–32 0.8…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEmotional straying: Flux and management of women’s emotions in social media
Li, P., & Zhuo, Q. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295835 · Cited by 25
“Women also exhibit a greater emphasis on emotional language [32, 34–36].”
BackgroundDuan, W., McNeese, N. J., & Li, L. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3701197 · Cited by 22
“Women were also found to be more likely than men to use extra-polite forms (e.g., "Would you mind" [36, 56] and first-person singular pronoun [58, 75].”
Optimal sampling strategies for characterizing behavior and affect from ambulatory audio recordings.
Micheletti, M., de Barbaro, K., Fellows, M. D., Hixon, J. G., Slatcher, R. B., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2020) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000654 · Cited by 17
“The 1/8 and 1/25 sampling rates were selected to mimic the rates of an existing commercial ambulatory recording device, the electronically activated recorder (EAR; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThematic Discrepancy Analysis: A Method to Gain Insights into Lurkers and Test for Non-Response Bias
Thompson, S. A., Loveland, J. M., & Fombelle, P. W. (2013) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.06.001 · Cited by 17
Cancer survivors’ and partners’ key concerns and quality of life
Dorros, S. M., Segrin, C. G., & Badger, T. A. (2017) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1338345 · Cited by 17
Ethical considerations in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease using speech and AI
Petti, U., Nyrup, R., Skopek, J. M., & Korhonen, A. (2023) · 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3593013.3594063 · Cited by 16
“Another way to reduce the amount of content accessible to the listener is subsampling, that is, using shorter subsamples of speech while retaining high-fidelity audio [38, 47].”
Kaplan, D. M., Hughes, C. D., Schatten, H. T., Mehl, M. R., Armey, M. F., & Nugent, N. R. (2022) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000291 · Cited by 16
Self-citationForms and Frames: Mind, Morality, and Trust in Robots across Prototypical Interactions
Banks, J., Koban, K., & Chauveau, P. D. V. (2021) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.2.4 · Cited by 16
“…(widely varied, but generally of comparable power; Dahl, 1957), content (self- and other-relevant subjects such as life stories and opinions; see Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), structures (reciprocity, turn-taking, increasing selfdisclosures; Rubin & Shenker, 1978), outcomes (feelings of…”
BackgroundOberlander, J., & Gill, A. J. (2004) · Cited by 16
Brandenburg, C., Worrall, L. E., Copland, D. A., & Rodriguez, A. D. (2016) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549507.2016.1209558 · Cited by 16
“This stability in talk time is reflected in the results of a study by Mehl and Pennebaker (2003), who found that there was relative objective stability in university students’ social behaviours (e.g. alone, talking to others, reading, eating) over the course of a month.”
ResultLinguistic measures of personality in group discussions
Spitzley, L. A., Wang, X., Chen, X., Burgoon, J. K., Dunbar, N. E., & Ge, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887616 · Cited by 14
“, 1986; Pennebaker and King, 1999) and everyday speech (Mehl and Pennebaker, 2003), so language use satisfies the psychometric requirement for a personality variable (Ireland and Mehl, 2014).”
BackgroundCultivating Innovation through Female Leadership: The Malaysian Perspective
Idris, A. (2009) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v4n6p3 · Cited by 15
Meter, D. J., Ehrenreich, S. E., Carker, C., Flynn, E., & Underwood, M. K. (2019) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12461 · Cited by 14
“…with these ambulatory assessment methods for capturing text data are different from other studies that collect geographic (Schauppenlehner, Muhar, Taczanowska, & Eder, 2011), behavioral/ activity (Majeno, Tsai, Huynh, McCreath & Fuligni, 2018), and communication data (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
ResultLinguistic style and gender match in funding intention towards crowdfunding project
Nazarie, W. N. F. W. M., & Williams, R. (2021) · Review of International Business and Strategy · doi:10.1108/ribs-09-2020-0111 · Cited by 17
Want to make me happy? Tell me about your experiences but not your objects
Bastos, W. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12321 · Cited by 16
Connecting with others in the midst of stressful upheaval on September 11, 2001
Liehr, P. R., Mehl, M. R., Summers, L. C., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2004) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2003.10.010 · Cited by 15
Self-citationA nature relatedness intervention to promote happiness and environmental concern
Nisbet, E. (2011) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2011-09488 · Cited by 15
Implicit communication of emotions via written text messages
Holtgraves, T. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100219 · Cited by 21
Gender Differences in the Use of Intensifiers
Sardabi, N., & Afghari, A. (2015) · Journal of applied linguistics and language research · Cited by 14
What We Can Learn from Looking at Profanity
Laboreiro, G., & Oliveira, E. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09761-9_11 · Cited by 14
“15% of all words seen — as frequent as first person plural pronouns (we, us, our) [7].”
BackgroundKelly, K. M., Ellington, L., Schoenberg, N. E., Agarwal, P., Jackson, T., Dickinson, S., Abraham, J., Paskett, E. D., Leventhal, H., & Andrykowski, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-014-9705-8 · Cited by 16
“…is perhaps best known for the analysis of expressive writing samples (e.g., Graves et al. 2005b; Pennebaker and Francis 1996), it has also been used for analyzing transcripts (Graves et al. 2005a) and spontaneous verbal communication (Mehl and Pennebaker 2003; Niederhoffer and Pennebaker 2002).”
Fägersten, K. B., & Stapleton, K. (2017) · Pragmatics & beyond. New series · doi:10.1075/pbns.282.01int · Cited by 14
Context- and subgroup-specific language changes in individuals who develop PTSD after trauma
Todorov, G., Mayilvahanan, K., Cain, C., & Cunha, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00989 · Cited by 13
“Language usage, including word category frequencies, is affected by a variety of factors, including age (Pennebaker and Stone, 2003), gender (Mehl and Pennebaker, 2003), and personality (Hirsh et al.”
BackgroundRole of gender in the creation and persuasiveness of online reviews
Ravula, P., Bhatnagar, A., & Gauri, D. K. (2022) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113386 · Cited by 17
AN ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC STYLES BY INFERRED AGE IN TV DRAMAS
Lee, C. H., Park, J., & Seo, Y. S. (2006) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.99.2.351-356 · Cited by 13
What affects team behavior? Preliminary linguistic analysis of communications in the Jazz repository
Licorish, S. A., & MacDonell, S. G. (2012) · International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) · doi:10.1109/chase.2012.6223029 · Cited by 15
“Linguistic studies have shown that individual language use is stable over periods of time and the way individuals communicate is also influenced by their context and local settings [34].”
BackgroundMonitoring Pronouns in Conflicts
Neysari, M., Bodenmann, G., Mehl, M. R., Bernecker, K., Nußbeck, F. W., Backes, S., Zemp, M., Martin, M., & Horn, A. B. (2016) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000158 · Cited by 13
Self-citationA Cognitive Approach to Relevant Argument Generation
Dessalles, J.-L. (2016) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46218-9_1 · Cited by 13
“Human beings spend about 6 hours a day in verbal interactions (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), uttering 16 000 words on average (Mehl et al., 2007).”
BackgroundBeyond English: Considering Language and Culture in Psychological Text Analysis
Kučera, D., & Mehl, M. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.819543 · Cited by 14
“Semantic and grammatical features of word use have been identified as psychological markers of personal speaker characteristics, for example, gender and age (Biber, 1991; Mehl and Pennebaker, 2003; Newman et al., 2008), personality characteristics (Tausczik and Pennebaker, 2010; Yarkoni, 2010; Gill and Oberlander, 201…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoreno, A. (2024) · Research in International Business and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102346 · Cited by 12
Genetic counseling content: How does it impact health behavior?
Kelly, K. M., Ellington, L., Schoenberg, N. E., Jackson, T., Dickinson, S., Porter, K. M., Leventhal, H., & Andrykowski, M. A. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9613-2 · Cited by 12
“LIWC has been used for analyzing transcripts (Graves, Schmidt, & Andrykowski, 2005) and spontaneous verbal communication (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Niederhoffer & Pennebaker, 2002), and this automatic categorization is well-suited for providing insight into large textual data-sets, beyond the scope…”
MethodSeah, T. H. S., Matt, L. M., & Coifman, K. G. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620953636 · Cited by 12
“First, past research indicates that individuals vary in the frequency with which they use different types of pronouns and that these differences are reliable across time and situation (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundSocial Relationship Analysis Using State-of-the-art Embeddings
Anwar, S., Beg, M. O., Saleem, K., Ahmed, Z., Javed, A. R., & Tariq, U. (2022) · ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing · doi:10.1145/3539608 · Cited by 12
“Humans spend approximately 32% to 75% of their time in social interactions [31].”
BackgroundUsing psycholinguistic features for profiling first language of authors
Torney, R., Vamplew, P. W., & Yearwood, J. L. (2012) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.22627 · Cited by 12
Gender Differences in Iranian EFL Students’ Letter Writing
asl, S. H., & Dabaghi, A. (2012) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature · doi:10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.7p.155 · Cited by 12
Desirable and undesirable disagreements: Jewish women studying the talmudic texts
Menachem, E. T.-B., & Livnat, Z. (2018) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2018.08.014 · Cited by 12
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., & Kershaw, T. (2018) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1539964 · Cited by 12
“…measurement instances can yield valid indicators of relative presence of certain themes or concerns between individuals, and can therefore be considered proxies or “signatures” of personality traits (e.g., Cohen et al., 2008; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Pennebaker, 2011; Pennebaker & King, 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialDourou, C., Gavriilidou, Z., & Markos, A. (2020) · International Journal of Research Studies in Education · doi:10.5861/ijrse.2020.5021 · Cited by 12
“Many studies (McMillan, Clifton, McGrath, & Gale, 1977; Biber, Conrad, & Reppen 1998; Mulac, Bradac, & Gibbons, 2001; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003) have examined gender variations through the actual words men and women use.”
BackgroundWith a little help from familiar interlocutors: real-world language use in young and older adults
Luo, M., Debelak, R., Schneider, G., Martin, M., & Demiray, B. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2020.1822288 · Cited by 13
“People spend about 30% of their waking time speaking (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodLicorish, S. A. (2013) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 12
Wei, Z., Chen, Y., Zhao, Q., Zhang, P., Zhou, L., Ren, J., Piao, Y., Qiu, B., Xie, X., Wang, S., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202203990 · Cited by 10
Musical preferences of teenagers and adults: Evidence from a Spanish-speaking sample
Júnior, J. F. S. D. Q., de Sá, L. G. C., & Román-Torres, C. M. (2021) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/10298649211004662 · Cited by 11
“Many people listen to music regularly as part of their normal day (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), whether on the radio, via CDs, or, more often, online (Ferwerda et al., 2019).”
BackgroundData Collection in Massively Multiplayer Online Games: Methods, Analytic Obstacles, and Case Studies
Ducheneaut, N., & Yee, N. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4769-5_28 · Cited by 11
Taboo Words in Expressive Language: Do Sex and Primary Language Matter?
Pilotti, M., Almand, J., Mahamane, S., & Martinez, M. (2012) · Cited by 11
Beyond Consistency: Contextual Dependency of Language Style in Monolog and Conversation
Müller-Frommeyer, L. C., Kauffeld, S., & Paxton, A. (2020) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12834 · Cited by 11
“As an indicator of personality (e.g., Newman, Groom, Handelman, & Pennebaker, 2008; Pennebaker & Graybeal, 2001), LS has been shown to be relatively consistent over time (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPalese, T., & Mast, M. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34964-6_11 · Cited by 11
Linguistic features of postpartum depression using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count text analysis
Landoni, M., Silverio, S. A., Ciuffo, G., Daccò, M., Petrovic, M., Blasio, P. D., & Ionio, C. (2022) · Journal of Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2022.04.001 · Cited by 11
Accuracy and completeness of autobiographical memory: evidence from a wearable camera study
Finley, J. R., & Brewer, W. F. (2024) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2024.2377193 · Cited by 12
“The more we can externally and unobtrusively record experience, the better we can evaluate memory, and technology will surely continue to enable more recording options (e.g., audio, location, physiological measures; cf. Mehl & Conner, 2012; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Paxton et al., 2015).”
Kyprianou, C., Vedula, S., Pu, W., & Fitza, M. (2024) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.1519 · Cited by 12
Cross-Cultural Sex/Gender Differences in Produced Word Content Before the Age of 3 Years
Wallentin, M., & Trecca, F. (2023) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976221146537 · Cited by 14
“Evidence to this effect in adults is provided by studies showing that choices of words in spontaneous conversations (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), in written texts (Cheng et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2008), and on social media (Sap et al., 2014; Schwartz et al., 2013) are strongly predictive of…”
BackgroundCombining Agile Software Development and Service-learning
Robinson, S., & Hall, M. (2018) · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) · doi:10.1145/3159450.3159564 · Cited by 10
“Agile is theoretically a modular process [12] but undergraduate students inevitably prioritise competing (academic and non-academic) demands [9].”
BackgroundEmotional Processing of Traumatic Events
Pennebaker, J. W., & Slatcher, R. B. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420039702.ch15 · Cited by 10
“In the first study (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), participants wore the EAR for two consecutive days, 2 weeks prior to as well as 2 weeks after having participated in a routine writing study.”
BackgroundMethodThe Social Journal: Investigating Technology to Support and Reflect on Social Interactions
Sakel, S., Blenk, T., Schmidt, A., & Haliburton, L. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642411 · Cited by 13
Guo, X., & Yin, L. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26710 · Cited by 9
“Whereas real-world settings, exemplified by experience sampling (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), enhance ecological validity by gathering data on deceptive behaviors as they naturally unfold in daily life but may not sufficiently control for confounding variables.”
BackgroundZhan, J., & Ying, X. (2025) · Assessing Writing · doi:10.1016/j.asw.2025.100914 · Cited by 10
Piersoul, J., & de Velde, F. V. (2022) · Linguistics · doi:10.1515/ling-2021-0022 · Cited by 9
“Men tend to use more prepositional phrases, and more articles (Gleser et al. 1959; Mehl and Pennebaker 2003).”
BackgroundLicorish, S. A., & MacDonell, S. G. (2012) · Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering · doi:10.5555/2663638.2663656 · Cited by 9
Gender Effects in Student Technical and Scientific Writing—A Corpus-Based Study
Boettger, R. K., & Wulff, S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2019.2920029 · Cited by 9
An empirical analysis of experienced reviewers in online communities: what, how, and why to review
Choi, H. S., & Maasberg, M. (2021) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-021-00499-8 · Cited by 12
“However, based on the studies showing results of females’ generous behavior as well as more constant altruism (Baez et al., 2017; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Rand et al., 2016), females are expected to exhibit more generous evaluations in their online reviews.”
BackgroundManaging, storing, and sharing long-form recordings and their annotations
Gautheron, L., Rochat, N., & Cristià, A. (2022) · Language Resources and Evaluation · doi:10.1007/s10579-022-09579-3 · Cited by 9
“Although the technique was used with normotypical adults decades ago (Mehl et al., 2001; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), it became widespread in the study of early childhood over the last decade since the publication of a seminal white paper by the LENA Foundation (Gilkerson & Richards, 2008).”
MethodYamano, H., Park, J. J., Choe, N. H., & Sakata, I. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142113970 · Cited by 9
“Stability has been investigated by the correlation or overlap of people’s language use over time [54,55].”
BackgroundThomas, J., Shehhi, A. A., & Grey, I. M. (2019) · Journal of Contemporary Religion · doi:10.1080/13537903.2019.1658937 · Cited by 12
Language and Personality in Computer-Mediated Communication: A cross-genre comparison
Gill, A. J., Nowson, S., & Oberlander, J. (2006) · Cited by 9
The sounds of social life: exploring students' daily social environments and natural conversations
Mehl, M. R. (2004) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 9
Self-citationAutomated language-based feedback for teamwork behaviors
Leshed, G. (2009) · eCommons (Cornell University) · Cited by 9
Detecting deception in interrogation settings
Lamb, C., & Skillicorn, D. B. (2013) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) · doi:10.1109/isi.2013.6578809 · Cited by 8
“People use first-person plural pronouns less often when on the phone, and more often when in public places [62].”
BackgroundUse of Automated Scoring Features to Generate Hypotheses Regarding Language-Based DIF
Shermis, M. D., Mao, L., Mulholland, M., & Kieftenbeld, V. (2017) · International Journal of Testing · doi:10.1080/15305058.2017.1308949 · Cited by 8
“…have been found to use more intensive adverbs, more conjunctions such as “but,” and more modal auxiliary verbs such as “could” that place question marks of some kind over a statement (Biber, Conrad, & Reppen, 1998; McMillan et al., 1977; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Mulac, Bradac, & Gibbons, 2001).”
BackgroundMining Information of Anonymous User on a Social Network Service
Cho, K. S., Yoon, J. Y., Kim, I. J., Lim, J. Y., Kim, S. K., & Kim, U. M. (2011) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) · doi:10.1109/asonam.2011.19 · Cited by 8
“[5][15] Besides those important mental factors, Analyzing texts can determine through word counts if a writer is male or female and young or old.[6][7][8][15] It is probably a female who uses long words less frequently in their writing (or texts), which are composed of more than 6 characters, and articles, a lot of th…”
BackgroundMethodDevelopment of Serbian dictionary for automatic text analysis (LIWCser)
Bjekić, J., Lazarević, L. B., Erić, M., Stojimirović, E., & Đokić, T. (2012) · Psiholoska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/psistra1201085b · Cited by 8
Alone, Unhappy, and Demotivated
Uziel, L. (2016) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550616657597 · Cited by 8
“More generally, research on the effects of (everyday, not imposed) solitude condition is relatively limited (Long & Averill, 2003), even though solitude occupies much of people’s waking hours (estimates range between 25% and 60%; Larson, 1990; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundDistinctive Linguistic Styles in Children with ADHD
Kim, K., & Lee, C. H. (2009) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.105.2.365-371 · Cited by 9
“…psychological factors, including developmental (Pennebaker & Stone, 2003), physiological (Petrie, Booth, & Pennebaker, 1998), cognitive (Lee, Nam, & Pennebaker, 2004), personality (Pennebaker & King, 1999; Lee, Kim, Seo, & Chung, 2007), and social psychological variables (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
Positive Emotion and (Dis)Inhibition Interact to Predict Cooperative BehaviorPreprint
Rand, D. G., & Gruber, J. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2429787 · Cited by 8
THE PERSON FROM THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
Vazire, S. (2006) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 8
Zhang, M., Palmer, C. V., Pratt, S. R., McNeil, M. R., & Siegle, G. J. (2022) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.011 · Cited by 7
A Lexical Approach to Assessing Stress: Development and Proof-of-Concept
Driskell, T., Eduardo Salas, A., Burke, C. S., & Driskell, J. E. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208211045167 · Cited by 7
Listening in: An Alternative Method for Measuring the Family Emotional Environment
Stoop, T. B., & Cole, P. M. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00392-6 · Cited by 7
Soni, N., Matero, M., Balasubramanian, N., & Schwartz, H. A. (2022) · Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL (Findings of ACL) · doi:10.18653/v1/2022.findings-acl.52 · Cited by 10
Tamba, G. I., & Iancu, I. R. (2023) · Research in Social Sciences and Technology · doi:10.46303/ressat.2023.3 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, young adults and working adults spend around 32% to 40% of their waking hours chatting to others (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003; Milek et al., 2018).”
BackgroundStudents’ perception of an instructor: The effects of instructor accommodation to student swearing
Allard, A., & Holmstrom, A. J. (2023) · Language Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101562 · Cited by 7
Mangelsdorf, S. N., Mehl, M. R., Qiu, J., & Alisic, E. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsy107 · Cited by 7
Self-citationPRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLES IN A SAMPLE OF SCHIZOPHRENICS
Lee, C. H., Lee, M., Ahn, S., & Kim, K. (2007) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.101.2.392-394 · Cited by 7
Syah, T., Nurhayaty, A., & Apriyanto, S. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1764/1/012056 · Cited by 7
“Speakers can avoid the impression of coercion by emphasizing the interests of others by using apologies, or by asking questions that give the possibility to answer "No" [3], [4], [13], [23], [25].”
BackgroundRebalancing social & personality psychology methods: The case for naturalistic observation
Robbins, M. L., Jonnalagadda, P., & Spahr, C. M. (2023) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12917 · Cited by 6
Emotion and its Management: The Lens of Language and Social Psychology
Gallois, C., Vanman, E. J., Kalokerinos, E. K., & Greenaway, K. H. (2020) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x20966722 · Cited by 6
“These conversations can then be coded for emotional language (e.g., Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003).”
BackgroundChildren’s daily life after potentially traumatic injury: A naturalistic observation study.
Vasileva, M., Schilpzand, E. J., Mangelsdorf, S. N., Conroy, R., Barrett, A., Jowett, H. E., Bressan, S., Babl, F. E., Anderson, V. A., Mehl, M. R., et al. (2021) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000301 · Cited by 6
“A standardised behavioural coding scheme was used, based upon the Social Environment Coding of Sound Inventory (Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), a system that details acoustically-detectible aspects of participants’ social environment and interactions.”
MethodSelf-citationAyala, N. K., Salmoirago‐Blotcher, E., Bourjeily, G. R., Nugent, N. R., Sanapo, L., Mehl, M. R., & Bublitz, M. H. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107661 · Cited by 7
Self-citationIn a mother’s voice: Observing social–emotional aspects of postpartum daily life.
Metcalf, C. A., & Dimidjian, S. (2019) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000587 · Cited by 6
Sloman, S. J., Oppenheimer, D. M., & DeDeo, S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246689 · Cited by 6
“But do listeners take advantage of this variation as a source of social information? Can we learn—without being explicitly taught—to associate glottal stops with younger speakers [8], longer words with male speakers [6, 10], and the phrase “yinz” with Pittsburghers [11]? Recovery of statistically regular patterns is a…”
BackgroundHow Male and Female Literary Authors Write About Affect Across Cultures and Over Historical Periods
Lettieri, G., Handjaras, G., Bucci, E., Pietrini, P., & Cecchetti, L. (2023) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-023-00219-9 · Cited by 7
“…study on gender bias in word embeddings (Caliskan et al., 2022), by males using more frequently than females strong swear words (Güvendir, 2015; Mehl & Pennebaker, 2003), and by their preference for emotions higher in arousal, such as fearlessness (Diener & Lucas, 2004) or pride (Brebner,…”
BackgroundEfe, Z., Baldofski, S., Kohls, E., Eckert, M., Saee, S., Thomas, J., Wundrack, R., & Rummel‐Kluge, C. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/51795 · Cited by 5
“This is in line with previous research indicating a significantly higher general use of emotion words by women than men, while men were found to use more anger words [70,71].”
ResultSuccessful bottom-up faculty collaboration during institutional change
Ward, H. C., Lu, M.-T., O’Connor, B. H., & Overton, T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1108/jarhe-11-2013-0048 · Cited by 6
Sandy, C. J. (2013) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 6
Bi- and multilingualism as a metaphor for research
Pavlenko, A. (2008) · Bilingualism Language and Cognition · doi:10.1017/s1366728908003374 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Mehl, M. R., & Pennebaker, J. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 857-870
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2135604788
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 81.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH052391, MH52391)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Representations and Identity
- Keywords
- naturalistic conversation, social environment, everyday language use, Electronically Activated Recorder, temporal stability, unobtrusive observation, undergraduate students, everyday life
- MeSH terms
- Acoustics, Adult, Communication, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Psychometrics, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Students
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