The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Method-Specific Variance in the Implicit Association Test.
Abstract
The Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998) can be used to assess interindividual differences in the strength of associative links between representational structures such as attitude objects and evaluations. Four experiments are reported that explore the extent of method-specific variance in the IAT. The most important findings are that conventionally scored IAT effects contain reliable interindividual differences that are method specific but independent of the measures' content, and that IAT effects can be obtained in the absence of a preexisting association between the response categories. Several techniques to decrease the impact of method-specific variance are evaluated. The best results were obtained with the D measures recently proposed by A. G. Greenwald, B. A. Nosek, and M. R. Banaji (2003).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815
Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.
Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207 · Cited by 3,170
Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.1.101 · Cited by 2,112 · cited 1×
“…factors may have contributed to the low implicit– explicit correlation obtained in Experiment 3, such as balancing of compatibility order (Asendorpf et al., 2002), and differences in the constructs tapped by implicit and explicit measures (Bosson et al., 2000; Wilson, Lindsey, & Schooler, 2000).”
BackgroundRevised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI)
Costa, P. T., & McCrea, R. B. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,758
A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept.
Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.1.3 · Cited by 1,559
Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept
Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, S. D. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.1022 · Cited by 1,393 · cited 1×
“…and retest reliabilities, which may explain why reliabilities of IAT measures are sometimes found to be high, whereas validity coefficients are poor (e.g., Bosson et al., 2000; Farnham, 1999; Greenwald & Farnham, 2000; Karpinski & Hilton, 2001; Ottaway et al., 2001; Rudman et al., 1999).”
BackgroundHarvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site.
Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002) · Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.6.1.101 · Cited by 1,321
Shifting Intentional Set: Exploring the Dynamic Control of Tasks
(1994) · Attention and Performance XV · doi:10.7551/mitpress/1478.003.0025 · Cited by 1,280
Reconfiguration of processing mode prior to task performance.
Meiran, N. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.22.6.1423 · Cited by 1,153
Cited by
Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., & Schmitt, M. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167205275613 · Cited by 1,642
Impulse and Self-Control From a Dual-Systems Perspective
Hofmann, W., Friese, M., & Strack, F. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x · Cited by 1,487
Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G., et al. (2007) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280701489053 · Cited by 1,247
Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method Variables and Construct Validity
Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2005) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271418 · Cited by 1,158
Reactions to Counterstereotypic Behavior: The Role of Backlash in Cultural Stereotype Maintenance.
Rudman, L. A., & Fairchild, K. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.157 · Cited by 892
Metadata
- Authors
- Mierke, J., & Klauer, K. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1180-1192
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2005573968
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 61.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Method-Specific Variance in the Implicit Association Test. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1180
- The paper
- Mierke, J., & Klauer, K. C. (2003). Method-Specific Variance in the Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1180
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.