Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 589

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use in African American Parents and Their Children: A Panel Study.

Gibbons, Frederick X., Gerrard, Meg, Cleveland, Michael J., Wills, Thomas A., Brody, Gene·2004·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Abstract

The relation between perceived racial discrimination and substance use was examined in a panel of 684 African American families, using the prototype-willingness model of adolescent health risk (F. X. Gibbons, M. Gerrard, & D. Lane, 2003). Discrimination was concurrently and prospectively related to use in the parents and the children (mean age=10.5 years at Wave 1). The discrimination-->use relation in the parents was mediated by distress (anxiety and depression). Among the children, the relation was mediated by distress as well as their risk cognitions (favorability of their risk images and their willingness to use) and the extent to which they reported affiliating with friends who were using substances. Each of these relations with discrimination was positive. In contrast, effective parenting was associated with less willingness and intention to use. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.517

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 12 references

Cited by

See all 589

Metadata

Authors
Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Cleveland, M. J., Wills, T. A., & Brody, G.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Published
2004-04
Volume
86
Issue
4
Pages
517-529
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
OpenAlex
W1987285435
Cited by
589
References
12
FWCI
48.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use in African American Parents and Their Children: A Panel Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.517
The paper
Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Cleveland, M. J., Wills, T. A., & Brody, G. (2004). Perceived Discrimination and Substance Use in African American Parents and Their Children: A Panel Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.517

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.