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Cited by 480Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Abuse and Trauma

Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis

SIMONS, RONALD L., MURRY, VELMA, MCLOYD, VONNIE, LIN, KUEI-HSIU, CUTRONA, CAROLYN, CONGER, RAND D.·2002·Development and Psychopathology
DOI 10.1017/s0954579402002109
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Abstract

This study investigated the correlates of childhood depressive symptoms in an African American sample. We included processes that are likely to operate for all children, regardless of race or ethnicity, as well as events and circumstances that are largely unique to children of color. These various constructs were assessed at both the individual and community level. The analyses consisted of hierarchical linear modeling with a sample of 810 African American families living in Iowa and Georgia. Three individual-level variables were associated with childhood depressive symptoms: uninvolved parenting, racial discrimination. and criminal victimization. At the community level, prevalence of both discrimination and criminal victimization were positively related and community ethnic identification was negatively related to depressive symptoms. Further, there was evidence that community ethnic identification and neighborhood poverty serve to moderate the relationship between criminal victimization and depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of considering factors unique to the everyday lives of the cultural group that is the focus of study, while demonstrating the dangers of a 'one model fits all" approach to studying children of color.

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Crossref · 10.1017/s0954579402002109

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  • The findings join a growing literature that emphasizes ways that African-American families are a source of resilience for their children, particularly since racial group membership can still evoke discrimination.

    “The findings also join a growing literature that emphasizes ways that African-American families are a source of resilience for their children, particularly since racial group membership can still evoke discrimination (Natsuaki et al., 2007; Simons et al., 2001; Simons et al., 2002).”

    From Body Size and Social Self-Image Among Adolescent African American Girls (2009) · cites this paper as Simons et al., 2002

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Authors
SIMONS, R. L., MURRY, V., MCLOYD, V., LIN, K.-H., CUTRONA, C., & CONGER, R. D.
Affiliations
  • Iowa State University (US)
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Venue
Development and Psychopathology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2002-05-15
Volume
14
Issue
2
Pages
371-393
ISSN
  • 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-2198
DOI
10.1017/s0954579402002109
OpenAlex
W2100690265
Cited by
480
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 31
FWCI
39.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations
  • Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH048165, MH 48165)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
African American children, racial discrimination, crime victimization, ethnic identity, parenting, neglectful parenting, neighborhood poverty, community factors, children of color, moderating effect
MeSH terms
Black or African American, Child, Crime, Depression, Female, Georgia, Humans, Iowa, Male, Personality Assessment, Poverty, Prejudice, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Social Identification, Parenting

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