Incorporating If...Then...Personality Signatures in Person Perception: Beyond the Person-Situation Dichotomy.
Abstract
Three studies investigated conditions in which perceivers view dispositions and situations as interactive, rather than independent, causal forces when making judgments about another's personality. Study 1 showed that perceivers associated 5 common trait terms (e.g., friendly and shy) with characteristic if...then... (if situation a, then the person does x, but if situation b, then the person does y) personality signatures. Study 2 demonstrated that perceivers used information about a target's stable if...then... signature to infer the target's motives and traits; dispositional judgments were mediated by inferences about the target's motivations. Study 3 tested whether perceivers draw on if...then... signatures when making judgments about Big Five trait dimensions. Together, the findings indicate that perceivers take account of person-situation interactions (reflected in if...then... signatures) in everyday explanations of social behavior and personality dispositions. Boundary conditions are also discussed.
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Cites
The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure
Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26 · Cited by 5,530 · see citing works
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246 · Cited by 3,889 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom acts to dispositions the attribution process in person perception
Jones, E. E., & Davis, K. E. (1965) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60107-0 · Cited by 3,424 · see citing works
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
Mischel, W. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035002 · Cited by 3,181 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90034-0 · Cited by 1,783 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Although they differ considerably from one another in form, discounting (Jones & Harris, 1967), averaging (Buss & Craik, 1983), and maximum/minimum (Reeder, 1993) strategies share a common aim: to determine the effect of personality dispositions on behavior by first removing situational effects.”
BackgroundInfluentialGopnik, A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1997) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7289.001.0001 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
Suspicion and Dispositional Inference
Hilton, J. L., Fein, S., & Miller, D. T. (1993) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167293195003 · Cited by 171 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Perceivers consider a friendly person, for example, to be someone whose social behaviors stem specifically from a genuine concern for others and not from a self-serving desire to ingratiate (Hilton et al., 1993; Jones, 1964; Vonk, 1999).”
BackgroundFletcher, G. J. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.3.203 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
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Keeping up impressions: Inferential rules for impression change across the Big Five
Kammrath, L. K., Ames, D. R., & Scholer, A. A. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kammrath, L. K., Mendoza-Denton, R., & Mischel, W.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Kammrath, Lara K.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 605-618
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2050496546
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH39349)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- person perception, person-situation interaction, trait inference, Big Five personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Male, Personality, Social Perception, Verbal Behavior, Vocabulary
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