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Cited by 351

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners.

Mendes, Wendy Berry, Blascovich, Jim, Hunter, Sarah B., Lickel, Brian, Jost, John T.·2007·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.698
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Abstract

Individuals who violate expectations increase uncertainty during social interactions. Three experiments explored whether expectancy-violating partners engender "threat" responses in perceivers. Participants interacted with confederates who violated or confirmed expectations while multiple measures were assessed, including cardiovascular reactivity, task performance, appraisals, and behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants interacted with White or Latino confederates who described their family backgrounds as either high or low socioeconomic status. In Experiment 3, participants interacted with Asian or White confederates who spoke with expected accents or southern accents. Participants interacting with expectancy-violating partners (e.g., Asians with southern accents) exhibited cardiovascular responses consistent with threat, poorer task performance, and manifested negative and defeat-related behavior. Implications for decreasing prejudicial responses via uncertainty reduction are discussed.

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Metadata

Authors
Mendes, W. B., Blascovich, J., Hunter, S. B., Lickel, B., & Jost, J. T.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2007-04
Volume
92
Issue
4
Pages
698-716
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.698
OpenAlex
W2137031743
Cited by
351
References
76
FWCI
49.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.698
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Mendes, W. B., Blascovich, J., Hunter, S. B., Lickel, B., & Jost, J. T. (2007). Threatened by the unexpected: Physiological responses during social interactions with expectancy-violating partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.698

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.