Cited by 2,259Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 252 of the 265 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Binge eating as escape from self-awareness

Heatherton, Todd F., Baumeister, Roy F.·1991·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This article proposes that binge eating is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness. Binge eaters suffer from high standards and expectations, especially an acute sensitivity to the difficult (perceived) demands of others. When they fall short of these standards, they develop an aversive pattern of high self-awareness, characterized by unflattering views of self and concern over how they are perceived by others. These aversive self-perceptions are accompanied by emotional distress, which often includes anxiety and depression. To escape from this unpleasant state, binge eaters attempt the cognitive response of narrowing attention to the immediate stimulus environment and avoiding broadly meaningful thought. This narrowing of attention disengages normal inhibitions against eating and fosters an uncritical acceptance of irrational beliefs and thoughts. The escape model is capable of integrating much of the available evidence about binge eating.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86

Cites

252 of 252 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Untitled work
(1969) · Cited by 18,340
Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1. Attachment
Rever, G. W. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197211000-00011 · Cited by 8,446
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.
Higgins, E. T. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.3.319 · Cited by 7,219
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.) American Psychiatric Association (1987). American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1400 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. 567 pp., $39.95 hardcover; $29.95 softcover.
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303
Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. Attachment.
Jones, N. B., & Bowlby, J. (1970) · Man · doi:10.2307/2798963 · Cited by 4,208
Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,728
Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality-social, clinical, and health psychology.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1982) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.92.1.111 · Cited by 2,650
Untitled work
(1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,635

Show all 265 references

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,016

Emotion processing and regulation in women with morbid obesity who apply for bariatric surgery
Zijlstra, H., van Middendorp, H., Devaere, L., Larsen, J. K., van Ramshorst, B., & Geenen, R. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.600761 · Cited by 65
Reformulating and testing the perfectionism model of binge eating among undergraduate women: A short-term, three-wave longitudinal study.
Mackinnon, S. P., Sherry, S., Graham, A. R., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, D. L., Allen, S. L., Fitzpatrick, S., & McGrath, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025068 · Cited by 72
The great escape: The role of self-esteem and self-related cognition in terror management
Wisman, A., Heflick, N., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2015.05.006 · Cited by 65
Acculturative Stress, Self‐Esteem, and Eating Pathology in Latina and Asian American Female College Students
Claudat, K., White, E. K., & Warren, C. S. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22234 · Cited by 74
The real-life costs of emotion regulation in anorexia nervosa: a combined ecological momentary assessment and fMRI study
Seidel, M., King, J. A., Ritschel, F., Boehm, I., Geisler, D., Bernardoni, F., Holzapfel, L., Diestel, S., Diers, K., Strobel, A., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0004-7 · Cited by 67
Effects of distress on eating: The importance of ego-involvement.
Heatherton, T. F., Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.801 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
A risk model for preadolescent disordered eating
Combs, J. L., Pearson, C. M., & Smith, G. T. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20851 · Cited by 67
Stress and the relative reinforcing value of food in female binge eaters
Goldfield, G. S., Adamo, K. B., Rutherford, J. A., & Legg, C. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.10.022 · Cited by 64
Daily hassles and emotional eating in obese adolescents under restricted dietary conditions—The role of ruminative thinking
Kubiak, T., Vögele, C., Siering, M., Schiel, R., & Weber, H. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.01.008 · Cited by 64
Different Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Subjective and Objective Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study
Castellini, G., Mannucci, E., Sauro, C. L., Benni, L., Lazzeretti, L., Ravaldi, C., Rotella, C. M., Faravelli, C., & Ricca, V. (2011) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000329358 · Cited by 64
Psychophysiological responses to idiosyncratic stress in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Hilbert, A., Vögele, C., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., & Hartmann, A. S. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.013 · Cited by 68
Food Approach and Food Avoidance in Young Children: Relation with Reward Sensitivity and Punishment Sensitivity
Vandeweghe, L., Vervoort, L., Verbeken, S., Moens, E., & Braet, C. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00928 · Cited by 67
Sexuality in eating disorders patients: etiological factors, sexual dysfunction and identity issues. A systematic review
Castellini, G., Lelli, L., Ricca, V., & Maggi, M. (2016) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2015-0055 · Cited by 71
Binge watching: An exploration of the role of technology
Nanda, A. P., & Banerjee, R. (2020) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21353 · Cited by 63
Disordered Eating Among Asian/Asian American Women
Cheng, H. (2014) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000014535472 · Cited by 71
To Eat or Not to Eat: Affective and Physiological Mechanisms in the Stress–Eating Relationship
Rutledge, T. R., & Linden, W. (1998) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1018784015771 · Cited by 63
Frontal brain asymmetry in restrained eaters.
Silva, J. R., Pizzagalli, D. A., Larson, C. L., Jackson, D. C., & Davidson, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.676 · Cited by 62
A Double Burden: Emotional Eating and Lack of Cognitive Reappraisal in Eating Disordered Women
Danner, U. N., Evers, C., Stok, F. M., van Elburg, A. A., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2184 · Cited by 61
Why Is It So Difficult to Inhibit Behavior?
Heatherton, T. F., & Vohs, K. D. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0903_4 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Emotion Regulation and Mentalization in People at Risk for Food Addiction
Innamorati, M., Imperatori, C., Harnic, D., Erbuto, D., Patitucci, E., Janiri, L., Lamis, D. A., Pompili, M., Tamburello, S., & Fabbricatore, M. (2015) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2015.1036831 · Cited by 62
The Moderating Effects of Mindfulness on Psychological Distress and Emotional Eating Behaviour
Pidgeon, A., Lacota, K., & Champion, J. (2013) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00091.x · Cited by 68
Existential escape of the bored: A review of meaning-regulation processes under boredom
Moynihan, A. B., Igou, E. R., & van Tilburg, W. A. P. (2020) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2020.1829347 · Cited by 72
Self-critical perfectionism and depressive symptoms: Low self-esteem and experiential avoidance as mediators
Moroz, M., & Dunkley, D. M. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.044 · Cited by 59
Emotion Regulation Skills Mediate the Effects of Shame on Eating Disorder Symptoms in Women
Gupta, S., Rosenthal, M. Z., Mancini, A. D., Cheavens, J. S., & Lynch, T. R. (2008) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260802370572 · Cited by 61
Mediators in the dissonance eating disorder prevention program
Seidel, A., Presnell, K. E., & Rosenfield, D. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.007 · Cited by 61
Cue exposure in the treatment of resistant adolescent bulimia nervosa
Martinez‐Mallén, E., Castro‐Fornieles, J., Lázaro, L., Moreno, E., Morer, Á., Font, E., Julien, J., Vila, M., & Toro, J. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20423 · Cited by 61
The Impact of Shame, Self-Criticism and Social Rank on Eating Behaviours in Overweight and Obese Women Participating in a Weight Management Programme
Duarte, C., Matos, M., Stubbs, R. J., Gale, C., Morris, L., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Gilbert, P. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167571 · Cited by 61
Fill Up Your Senses: A Theory of Self-Worth Restoration through High-Intensity Sensory Consumption
Batra, R., & Ghoshal, T. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx074 · Cited by 64
Feminist explanations of the development of eating disorders: Common themes, research findings, and methodological issues.
Gilbert, S. C., & Thompson, J. K. (1996) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00070.x · Cited by 61
Personality disorder traits evident by early adulthood and risk for eating and weight problems during middle adulthood
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P. R., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20223 · Cited by 61
Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on mood in bulimia nervosa
Kaye, W. H., Gendall, K. A., Fernstrom, M. H., Fernstrom, J. D., McConaha, C. W., & Weltzin, T. E. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00108-0 · Cited by 61
Biases in the Processing of Different Forms of Threat in Bulimic and Comparison Women
McManus, F. V., Waller, G., & Chadwick, P. (1996) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199609000-00006 · Cited by 61
The development and validation of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale–3 (PACS-3).
Schaefer, L. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2018) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000576 · Cited by 69
Unsupportive social interactions influence emotional eating behaviors. The role of coping styles as mediators
Raspopow, K., Matheson, K., Abizaid, A. B., & Anisman, H. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.031 · Cited by 70
Emotional Inhibition and Personality Traits: A Comparison of Women with Anorexia, Bulimia, and Normal Controls
Forbush, K. T., & Watson, D. (2006) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10401230600614637 · Cited by 60
Binge Eating As a Means for Evading Identity Issues: The Association Between an Avoidance Identity Style and Bulimic Behavior
Wheeler, H. A., Adams, G. R., & Keating, L. J. (2001) · Identity · doi:10.1207/s1532706xid0102_04 · Cited by 60
Eating behavior following stress in women with and without bulimic symptoms
Levine, M. D., & Marcus, M. D. (1997) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02883330 · Cited by 60
Similarities and differences between Caucasian and African American college women on eating and dieting expectancies, bulimic symptoms, dietary restraint, and disinhibition
Atlas, J. G., Smith, G. T., Hohlstein, L. A., McCarthy, D. M., & Kroll, L. S. (2002) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10081 · Cited by 60
Social anxiety and self-consciousness in binge eating disorder: associations with eating disorder psychopathology
Sawaoka, T., Barnes, R. D., Blomquist, K. K., Masheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.10.003 · Cited by 59
Consumer escapism: Scale development, validation, and physiological associations
Orazi, D. C., Mah, K. Y., Derksen, T., & Murray, K. B. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113805 · Cited by 65
Ecological contingencies in women's calorie regulation psychology: A life history approach
Hill, S. E., Rodeheffer, C. D., DelPriore, D. J., & Butterfield, M. E. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.03.016 · Cited by 59
Emotional Processing Following Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa
Oldershaw, A., DeJong, H., Hambrook, D. G., Broadbent, H. J., Tchanturia, K., Treasure, J. L., & Schmidt, U. H. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2153 · Cited by 59
Disordered eating behaviours in an undergraduate sample: Associations among gender, body mass index, and difficulties in emotion regulation.
Robinson, A. L., Kosmerly, S., Mansfield-Green, S., & Lafrance, G. A. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/a0031123 · Cited by 74
Ashamed and Fused with Body Image and Eating: Binge Eating as an Avoidance Strategy
Duarte, C., Pinto‐Gouveia, J., & Ferreira, C. (2015) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.1996 · Cited by 59
Longitudinal Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Disordered Eating, and Weight Gain in Military Men and Women
Mitchell, K. S., Porter, B., Boyko, E. J., & Field, A. E. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv291 · Cited by 62
Self-regulation and its failure: The seven deadly threats to self-regulation.
Wagner, D. D., & Heatherton, T. F. (2014) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14341-026 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
The association between alexithymia and eating behavior in children and adolescents
Shank, L. M., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Kelly, N. R., Jaramillo, M., Rubin, A., Altman, D. R., Byrne, M. E., LeMay‐Russell, S., Schvey, N. A., Broadney, M. M., et al. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104381 · Cited by 59
The trajectory from mood to obesity
Wurtman, J., & Wurtman, R. (2018) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0291-6 · Cited by 56
Links between traumatic experiences in childhood or early adulthood and lifetime binge eating disorder
Quilliot, D., Brunaud, L., Mathieu, J., Quenot, C., Sirveaux, M.-A., Kahn, J.-P., Ziegler, O., & Witkowski, P. (2019) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.008 · Cited by 58
Refining the relationships of perfectionism, self‐efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating: Examining the appearance, interpersonal, and academic domains
Cain, A. S., Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Abramson, L. Y., Vohs, K. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20563 · Cited by 58
Clusterwise simultaneous component analysis for analyzing structural differences in multivariate multiblock data.
Roover, K. D., Ceulemans, E., Timmerman, M. E., Vansteelandt, K., Stouten, J., & Onghena, P. (2011) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0025385 · Cited by 58
Perfectionism and eating disorders.
Goldner, E. M., Cockell, S. J., & Srikameswaran, S. (2002) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10458-013 · Cited by 58
Motivational and neural correlates of self-control of eating: A combined neuroimaging and experience sampling study in dieting female college students
Lopez, R. B., Milyavskaya, M., Hofmann, W., & Heatherton, T. F. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.03.027 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Binge-eating disorder: Clinical and therapeutic advances
Hutson, P. H., Balodis, I. M., & Potenza, M. N. (2017) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.002 · Cited by 62
Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Identity Formation in Adolescence: A Cross-Lagged Longitudinal Approach
Verschueren, M., Claes, L., Bogaerts, A., Palmeroni, N., Gandhi, A., Moons, P., & Luyckx, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00816 · Cited by 58
Examining the role of distress tolerance and negative urgency in binge eating behavior among women
Kelly, N. R., Cotter, E. W., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.06.012 · Cited by 57
A laboratory-based study of mood and binge eating behavior in overweight children
Goldschmidt, A. B., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., & Wilfley, D. E. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.11.001 · Cited by 57
Parental bonding and bulimic psychopathology: The mediating role of mistrust/abuse beliefs
Meyer, C., & Gillings, K. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10236 · Cited by 57
Executive functioning and behavioral impulsivity of young women who binge eat
Kelly, N. R., Bulik, C. M., & Mazzeo, S. E. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22096 · Cited by 60
Addiction: Choice or Compulsion?
Henden, E., Melberg, H. O., & Røgeberg, O. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00077 · Cited by 69
Consuming experience: Why affective forecasters overestimate comparative value
Morewedge, C. K., Gilbert, D. T., Myrseth, K. O. R., Kassam, K., & Wilson, T. D. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.010 · Cited by 57
Impact of the neural correlates of stress and cue reactivity on stress related binge eating in the natural environment
Fischer, S. F., Breithaupt, L. E., Wonderlich, J. A., Westwater, M. L., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Thompson, J., Lavender, J. M., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.017 · Cited by 59
The efficacy of cognitive–behavioral therapy on the core symptoms of bulimia nervosa
山本, 聡., & Maloney, K. C. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00076-3 · Cited by 57
The Role of Schema Processes in the Eating Disorders
Luck, A., Waller, G., Meyer, C., USSHER, M. H., & Lacey, H. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-9635-8 · Cited by 57
The realistic treatment of obesity: Changing the scales of success
Foster, G. D., & Kendall, P. C. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90038-8 · Cited by 59
Mindfulness and eating behaviour styles in morbidly obese males and females
Ouwens, M. A., Schiffer, A. A., Visser, L. I., Raeijmaekers, N. J. C., & Nyklíček, I. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.11.030 · Cited by 56
Media Multitasking: A Bibliometric Approach and Literature Review
Beuckels, E., Ye, G., Hudders, L., & Cauberghe, V. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623643 · Cited by 56
Weight-related shame and guilt, intuitive eating, and binge eating in female college students.
Craven, M. P., & Fekete, E. M. (2019) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.03.002 · Cited by 49
Ecological momentary assessment in eating disorders research: recent findings and promising new directions
Schaefer, L. M., Engel, S. G., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2020) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000639 · Cited by 56
Interoception and Its Role for Eating, Obesity, and Eating Disorders
Herbert, B. M. (2020) · European Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1027/2512-8442/a000062 · Cited by 70
Understanding the socially prescribed perfectionist’s cycle of self-defeat: A 7-day, 14-occasion daily diary study
Mushquash, A. R., & Sherry, S. (2012) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.006 · Cited by 59
Mediators of HIV-related stigma and risk behavior in HIV infected young women
Clum, G. A., Chung, S.-E., Ellen, J. M., & Netw, T. A. M. T. (2009) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120902883069 · Cited by 56
Reciprocal Associations between Negative Affect, Binge Eating, and Purging in the Natural Environment in Women with Bulimia Nervosa
Lavender, J. M., Utzinger, L. M., Cao, L., Wonderlich, S., Engel, S., Mitchell, J., & Crosby, R. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000135 · Cited by 49
Social appearance anxiety and dietary restraint as mediators between perfectionism and binge eating: A six month three wave longitudinal study
Brosof, L. C., & Levinson, C. A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.015 · Cited by 61
Negative affect and binge eating: Assessing the unique trajectories of negative affect before and after binge-eating episodes across eating disorder diagnostic classifications
Wonderlich, J. A., Crosby, R., Engel, S., Crow, S., Peterson, C., Grange, D. L., Wonderlich, S., & Fischer, S. F. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23648 · Cited by 46
Differential caloric intake in overweight females with and without binge eating: effects of a laboratory-based emotion-regulation training.
Svaldi, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., Trentowska, M., Caffier, D., & Naumann, E. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.02.008 · Cited by 62
Differential Treatment Response for Eating Disordered Patients With and Without a Comorbid Borderline Personality Diagnosis Using a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)-Informed Approach
Ben‐Porath, D. D., Wisniewski, L., & Warren, M. (2009) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260902848576 · Cited by 55
Latent profile analysis to determine the typology of disinhibited eating behaviors in children and adolescents.
Vannucci, A., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Crosby, R. D., Ranzenhofer, L. M., Shomaker, L. B., Field, S. E., Mooreville, M., Reina, S. A., Kozlosky, M., Yanovski, S. Z., et al. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031209 · Cited by 60
Does video therapy work? A single case series of bulimic disorders
Simpson, S., Bell, L., Britton, P., Mitchell, D., Morrow, E., Johnston, A. L., & Brebner, J. (2006) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.686 · Cited by 44
Rumination and body dissatisfaction interact to predict concurrent binge eating
Gordon, K. H., Holm‐Denoma, J. M., Troop‐Gordon, W., & Sand, E. C. (2012) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.04.001 · Cited by 65
Emotion regulation choice: Theory and findings.
Sheppes, G. (2014) · Cited by 55
Maladaptive core beliefs and eating disorder symptoms
Dingemans, A. E., Spinhoven, P., & van Furth, E. F. (2005) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.09.007 · Cited by 54
The momentary interplay of affect, attention bias, and expectancies as predictors of binge eating in the natural environment
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Juarascio, A., Weinbach, N., Dvorak, R., Crosby, R. D., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23235 · Cited by 53
Examining the relationship between dietary restraint and binge eating: Differential effects of major and minor stressors
Woods, A. M., Racine, S. E., & Klump, K. L. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.08.001 · Cited by 54
Predictors and mediators of treatment outcome in patients with binge eating disorder
Dingemans, A. E., Spinhoven, P., & van Furth, E. F. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.06.003 · Cited by 54
Temporal associations between affective instability and dysregulated eating behavior in bulimia nervosa
Berner, L. A., Crosby, R. D., Cao, L., Engel, S. G., Lavender, J. M., Mitchell, J. E., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.009 · Cited by 60
Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments
Heatherton, T. F., & Ambady, N. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8956-9_7 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Test of Stice’s dual pathway model: Dietary restraint and negative affect as mediators of bulimic behavior
Shepherd, H., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00033-3 · Cited by 54
Food Addiction Is Associated with Irrational Beliefs via Trait Anxiety and Emotional Eating
Nolan, L. J., & Jenkins, S. M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11081711 · Cited by 54
Posttraumatic Stress and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Kibler, J. L. (2009) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299730802624577 · Cited by 54
The role of impulsivity traits and delayed reward discounting in dysregulated eating and drinking among heavy drinkers
Stojek, M. M., Fischer, S. F., Murphy, C. M., & MacKillop, J. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.004 · Cited by 57
Enhancement Motives Mediate the Positive Association Between Mind/Body Awareness and College Student Drinking
Leigh, J., & Neighbors, C. (2009) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2009.28.5.650 · Cited by 53
Temporal Associations Between Disordered Eating and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining Symptom Overlap Over 1 Year
Turner, B. J., Yiu, A., Layden, B. K., Claes, L., Zaitsoff, S. L., & Chapman, A. L. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.09.002 · Cited by 53
Sexual Minority Stressors, Internalizing Symptoms, and Unhealthy Eating Behaviors in Sexual Minority Youth
Katz‐Wise, S. L., Scherer, E. A., Calzo, J. P., Sarda, V., Jackson, B. M., Haines, J., & Austin, S. B. (2015) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9718-z · Cited by 58
Perfectionism and Contingent Self-Worth in Relation to Disordered Eating and Anxiety
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Lin, S. L., & Butler, R. M. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.05.006 · Cited by 62
Bridging executive function and disinhibited eating among youth: A network analysis
Byrne, M. E., Tanofsky‐Kraff, M., Lavender, J. M., Parker, M. N., Shank, L. M., Swanson, T. N., Ramirez, E., LeMay‐Russell, S., Yang, S. B., Brady, S. M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23476 · Cited by 57
A test of the continuity perspective across bulimic and binge eating pathology
Fitzgibbon, M., Sánchez-Johnsen, L., & Martinovich, Z. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10160 · Cited by 53
Binge eating disorder: A review of the literature after publication of DSM-IV
Williamson, D. A., & Martin, C. K. (1999) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03339725 · Cited by 53
Depressive symptoms and observed eating in youth
Mooreville, M., Shomaker, L. B., Reina, S. A., Hannallah, L. M., Cohen, L. A., Courville, A. B., Kozlosky, M., Brady, S. M., Condarco, T. A., Yanovski, S. Z., et al. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.024 · Cited by 52
Binge eating and exercise behavior after surgery for severe obesity: A structural equation model
Larsen, J. K., Geenen, R., van Ramshorst, B., Brand, N., Hox, J. J., Stroebe, W., & van Doornen, L. J. P. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20249 · Cited by 51

Authors: Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Heatherton, Todd F.
Baumeister, Roy F.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 110
Issue: 1
Pages: 86-108
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86
OpenAlex: W1993335407
Cited by: 2,259
References: 265
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 94
FWCI: 28.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: binge eating, self-awareness, self-perception, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, attentional narrowing, cognitive disengagement, irrational beliefs, social expectations, dietary habits
MeSH terms: Body Image, Bulimia, Defense Mechanisms, Diet, Reducing, Escape Reaction, Female, Humans, Hyperphagia, Obesity, Self Concept, Social Environment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Binge eating as escape from self-awareness

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks