The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 121 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
When is early visual cortex activated during visual mental imagery?
Abstract
Although many neuroimaging studies of visual mental imagery have revealed activation in early visual cortex (Areas 17 or 18), many others have not. The authors review this literature and compare how well 3 models explain the disparate results. Each study was coded 1 or 0, indicating whether activation in early visual cortex was observed, and sets of variables associated with each model were fit to the observed results using logistic regression analysis. Three variables predicted all of the systematic differences in the probability of activation across studies. Two of these variables were identified with a perceptual anticipation theory, and the other was identified with a methodological factors theory. Thus, the variability in the literature is not random.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, task demands and content can modulate the neural mechanisms that mediate the mental imagery (Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003; Kraemer et al., 2005), and attentional factors also influence the depth of imagery and perceptual processing in a hierarchical neural architecture (Moscovitch et al., 1994; Roland and Gulyas, 1994; Sakai and Miyashita, 1994; Mellet et al., 1998).”
From Mental imagery of speech and movement implicates the dynamics of internal forward models (2010) · cites this paper as Kosslyn and Thompson, 2003
Citations
Cites
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex
Felleman, D. J., & Van Essen, D. C. (1991) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/1.1.1 · Cited by 7,783
Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding.
Biederman, I. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.115 · Cited by 5,621
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation.
Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., & Turner, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5675 · Cited by 4,212
Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., Menon, R., Ellermann, J. M., Kim, S. G., Merkle, H., & Ugurbil, K. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951 · Cited by 3,681
Psychology as the behaviorist views it
Watson, J. B. (1913) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0074428 · Cited by 3,230
Storage and Executive Processes in the Frontal Lobes
Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5408.1657 · Cited by 2,834
Borders of Multiple Visual Areas in Humans Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Brady, T. J., Rosen, B. R., & Tootell, R. B. H. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7754376 · Cited by 2,663
Mental Rotations, a Group Test of Three-Dimensional Spatial Visualization
Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1978.47.2.599 · Cited by 2,620
Neisser, U. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,502
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 10.1037/0096-1523.20.5.1068 · DOI
- 10.1037/0096-1523.18.1.241 · DOI
- Kosslyn, 1980, A theory-based approach to the study of individual differences in mental imagery., 139
- Loftus, 1979, Eyewitness testimony.
- Marr, 1982, Vision.
- Menon, 1993, Visual mental imagery by functional brain MRI, 252
- 10.1016/S0364-0213(99)00004-X · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J., & Davidson, R. J. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2994 · Cited by 2,082
Lederman, S. J., & Klatzky, R. L. (2009) · Attention, Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/app.71.7.1439 · Cited by 1,108
Mental Imagery: Functional Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
Pearson, J., Naselaris, T., Holmes, E. A., & Kosslyn, S. M. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.003 · Cited by 1,087
Self-citationMental imagery in emotion and emotional disorders
Holmes, E. A., & Mathews, A. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.01.001 · Cited by 976
Lillicrap, T. P., Santoro, A., Marris, L., Akerman, C. J., & Hinton, G. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0277-3 · Cited by 908
Metadata
- Authors
- Kosslyn, S. M., & Thompson, W. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 723-746
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1985236820
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060734, 1R01 MH60734-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- visual imagery, early visual cortex, methodological factors
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Imagination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychological Theory, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
