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Do Psychosocial and Study Skill Factors Predict College Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis.
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between psychosocial and study skill factors (PSFs) and college outcomes by meta-analyzing 109 studies. On the basis of educational persistence and motivational theory models, the PSFs were categorized into 9 broad constructs: achievement motivation, academic goals, institutional commitment, perceived social support, social involvement, academic self-efficacy, general self-concept, academic-related skills, and contextual influences. Two college outcomes were targeted: performance (cumulative grade point average; GPA) and persistence (retention). Meta-analyses indicate moderate relationships between retention and academic goals, academic self-efficacy, and academic-related skills (ps =.340,.359, and.366, respectively). The best predictors for GPA were academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation (ps =.496 and.303, respectively). Supplementary regression analyses confirmed the incremental contributions of the PSF over and above those of socioeconomic status, standardized achievement, and high school GPA in predicting college outcomes.
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“Study skill training programs produce beneficial effects in terms of academic performance and retention (Hattie et al., 1996; Gettinger and Seibert, 2002; Robbins et al., 2004; Wibrowski et al., 2017).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Robbins et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“and with the results of Robbins et al. (2004), where the best predictors for GPA were academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation.”
From A Review of Self-regulated Learning: Six Models and Four Directions for Research (2017) · cites this paper as Robbins et al. (2004)
In the citing paper
“with self-efficacy being a particularly strong predictor of academic performance (Robbins et al., 2004).”
From The rapid rise of generative AI and its implications for academic integrity: Students’ perceptions and use of chatbots for assistance with assessments (2024) · cites this paper as Robbins et al., 2004
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“Communication competencies involve not only the demonstration of specific conversational techniques but also the psychological determinants underlying skill acquisition and performance.”
In the citing paper
“Research in educational psychology indicates that self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in one’s ability to perform a task) and a positive self-concept in a given domain can significantly predict persistence, engagement, and actual skill performance [16].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., & Carlstrom, A.
- Affiliations
- ACT (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 261-288
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2106866721
- Cited by
- 2,479
- References
- 200
- Citations by year
- 2026: 85 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 231 · 2019: 159 · 2018: 168 · 2017: 171 · 2016: 162 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 145 · 2013: 133 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 22.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Keywords
- psychosocial factors, study skills, college outcomes, academic self-efficacy, achievement motivation, academic goals, student retention, grade point average, institutional commitment, perceived social support, social engagement, self-concept, student performance prediction
- MeSH terms
- Educational Status, Humans, Learning, Psychology, Retention, Psychology, Social Support, Universities, Self Efficacy
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