Cited by 2,517Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttachment and Relationship DynamicsBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

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A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys

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Rose, Amanda J., Rudolph, Karen D.·2006·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98PMC PMC3160171

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Abstract

Theory and research on sex differences in adjustment focus largely on parental, societal, and biological influences. However, it also is important to consider how peers contribute to girls' and boys' development. This article provides a critical review of sex differences in several peer relationship processes, including behavioral and social-cognitive styles, stress and coping, and relationship provisions. The authors present a speculative peer-socialization model based on this review in which the implications of these sex differences for girls' and boys' emotional and behavioral development are considered. Central to this model is the idea that sex-linked relationship processes have costs and benefits for girls' and boys' adjustment. Finally, the authors present recent research testing certain model components and propose approaches for testing understudied aspects of the model.

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Authors: Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D.
Affiliations: University of Missouri (US)
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
ORCID: Rose, Amanda J.
Rudolph, Karen D.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 132
Issue: 1
Pages: 98-131
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98
PMC: PMC3160171
OpenAlex: W1971560413
Cited by: 2,517
References: 251
Citations by year: 2026: 167 · 2025: 173 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 130 · 2022: 154 · 2021: 180 · 2020: 181 · 2019: 161 · 2018: 168 · 2017: 133 · 2016: 152 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 127 · 2012: 102
FWCI: 7.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 59711, R01MH059711, R03MH063753, MH 63753-01)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords: sex differences, peer relationships, peer socialization, emotional development, behavioral development, adjustment, stress coping, gender differences in development
MeSH terms: Affect, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Peer Group, Personality Development, Sex Factors, Social Behavior, Social Environment

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A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys

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