The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Abstract
Reliability coefficients often take the form of intraclass correlation coefficients. In this article, guidelines are given for choosing among six different forms of the intraclass correlation for reliability studies in which n target are rated by k judges. Relevant to the choice of the coefficient are the appropriate statistical model for the reliability and the application to be made of the reliability results. Confidence intervals for each of the forms are reviewed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As a result, the inter-rater agreement was quite high for categorical variables (mean Cohen's kappa = 0.73, SD = 0.13) and for continuous variables (mean intraclass correlation [26] = 0.80, SD = .14).”
From Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review (2010) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“we used the methodology Shrout and Fleiss (1979) describe and computed the Shrout-Fleiss single ICC score agreement of .998, which is considered quite high (Koo and Li 2016).”
From Driving Brand Engagement Through Online Social Influencers: An Empirical Investigation of Sponsored Blogging Campaigns (2019) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss (1979)
In the citing paper
“In contrast, Cohen's quadratically weighted kappa converges to two-factor intraclass correlation coefficients with random and fixed raters (i.e., the so-called ICC (2,1) and ICC(3,1) coefficients), where the items and raters are the two factors (Carrasco, 2010;Fleiss & Cohen, 1973;Janson & Olsson, 2001;Schuster, 2004;Schuster & Smith, 2005;Shrout & Fleiss, 1979;Warrens, 2014).”
From Quadratically Weighted Agreement Coefficients: Interpretations and Connections (2026) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“A sample of 11% of video data was double coded by the researcher and an experienced coder (the developer of CHIPPA). Inter‐rater reliability was based on intra‐class correlation (ICC) statistics from the mean rating for the two coders (k = 2) using a two‐way mixed effects consistency model (see Table 2 below) and resulted in good to excellent reliability across the CHIPPA subscales (Koo & Li, 2016”
From A plausible role of imagination in pretend play, counterfactual reasoning, and executive functions (2023) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“The results suggest that coders showed high agreement (intraclass correlation [2, 1] = 0.85; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“Interrater reliability of the pre- and posttreatment assessments was excellent (intraclass correlations [2, 1] = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively; Shrout & Fleiss, 1979).”
From Respiratory and cognitive mediators of treatment change in panic disorder: Evidence for intervention specificity. (2010) · cites this paper as Shrout & Fleiss, 1979
In the citing paper
“ICC decomposes observed variance into between-query variance (task difficulty) and within-query variance (agent inconsistency), highlighting whether reported results reflect true capability or measurement noise.”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“The ICC quantifies the proportion of total variance attributable to differences between tasks and can be understood as a function of both the difficulty of the dataset (variance between tasks) and the consistency of the agent (variance within tasks).”
From Stochasticity in Agentic Evaluations: Quantifying Inconsistency with Intraclass Correlation (2025) · cites this paper as Shrout and Fleiss 1979
In the citing paper
“Reproducibility of the final placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid volume in millilitres was assessed using the ICC (2,1) [37], [38] for inter-observer repeatability between the semi-automated Random Walker results, regarded as the ground-truth used for performance evaluation, and the newly generated FCNN outputs.”
From Fully Automated 3-D Ultrasound Segmentation of the Placenta, Amniotic Fluid, and Fetus for Early Pregnancy Assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Statistical principles in experimental design.
Winer, B. J. (1962) · McGraw-Hill Book Company · doi:10.1037/11774-000 · Cited by 27,137
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312006001112 · Cited by 8,013
Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012
Snedecor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1967) · Cited by 6,573
Scheffé, H. (1960) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-196006000-00016 · Cited by 5,625
An Approximate Distribution of Estimates of Variance Components
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002019 · Cited by 4,373
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient as a Measure of Reliability
Bartko, J. (1966) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1966.19.1.3 · Cited by 2,206
Statistics for the social sciences
Hays, W. L. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,081
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,501–1,600 of 23,883
The expression and experience of emotion in schizophrenia: a study of social interactions
Aghevli, M. A., Blanchard, J. J., & Horan, W. P. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(03)00133-1 · Cited by 165
Barch, D. M., & Carter, C. S. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.019 · Cited by 222
Quantification of the path of center of pressure (COP) using an F-scan in-shoe transducer
Han, T. R., Paik, N., & Im, M. S. (1999) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(99)00040-5 · Cited by 166
Robust whole-brain segmentation: Application to traumatic brain injury
Ledig, C., Heckemann, R. A., Hammers, A., López‐Azor, J. C., Newcombe, V., Makropoulos, A., Lötjönen, J. M. P., Menon, D. K., & Rueckert, D. (2014) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2014.12.003 · Cited by 175
Analyzing harsh words in a sensitive setting: American expatriates in communist China
Doucet, L., & Jehn, K. A. (1997) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199711)18:1+ · Cited by 78
Validated Assessment Scales for the Lower Face
Narins, R. S., CARRUTHERS, J. D. A., Flynn, T. C., et al. (2012) · Dermatologic Surgery · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02247.x · Cited by 166
Social Skills Treatment for People With Severe, Chronic Acquired Brain Injuries: A Multicenter Trial
McDonald, S., Tate, R. L., Togher, L., Bornhofen, C., Long, E., Gertler, P., & Bowen, R. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.029 · Cited by 166
Raz, N., Yang, Y., Dahle, C. L., & Land, S. J. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.08.007 · Cited by 169
Wuang, Y.-P., & Su, C. (2009) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2008.12.002 · Cited by 167
Idea evaluation: Error in evaluating highly original ideas
Licuanan, B., Dailey, L. R., & Mumford, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2007.tb01279.x · Cited by 166
Lim, I., van Wegen, E. E. H., de Goede, C. J. T., Jones, D. E., Rochester, L., Hetherington, V., Nieuwboer, A., Willems, A., & Kwakkel, G. (2004) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.06.003 · Cited by 166
Fogo, A. B., Bostad, L. H., Svarstad, E., Cook, W. J., Moll, S., Barbey, F., Geldenhuys, L., West, M. L., Ferluga, D., Vujkovac, B., et al. (2009) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfp528 · Cited by 170
Tousignant, M., de Bellefeuille, L., O’Donoughue, S., & Grahovac, S. Z. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200002010-00011 · Cited by 166
Interrater Reliability of Six Tests of Trunk Muscle Function and Endurance
Moreland, J. D., Finch, E., Stratford, P. W., Balsor, B., & Gill, C. (1997) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1997.26.4.200 · Cited by 166
McQueen, F. M., Benton, N., Crabbe, J., et al. (2001) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0003-4967(24)43386-4 · Cited by 166
Hierarchical Regression Models for Interviewer and Respondent Effects
Hox, J. J. (1994) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124194022003002 · Cited by 166
Validity of Derived Measurements of Leg-Length Differences Obtained by Use of a Tape Measure
Beattie, P., Isaacson, K., Riddle, D. L., & Rothstein, J. M. (1990) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/70.3.150 · Cited by 166
Pack, A., Barrett, A., & Escalante, J. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100234 · Cited by 166
Test–retest measurements of dopamine D1-type receptors using simultaneous PET/MRI imaging
Kaller, S., Rullmann, M., Patt, M., Becker, G.-A., Luthardt, J., Girbardt, J., Meyer, P. M., Werner, P., Barthel, H., Bresch, A., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-017-3645-0 · Cited by 152
Kashdan, T. B., Ferssizidis, P., Collins, R. L., & Muraven, M. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610379863 · Cited by 199
Ratings of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Does the Source Make a Difference?
Allen, T. D., Barnard, S., Rush, M. C., & Russell, J. E. A. (2000) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/s1053-4822(99)00041-8 · Cited by 168
Erbaş, Y., Ceulemans, E., Pe, M. L., Koval, P., & Kuppens, P. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.875890 · Cited by 166
Sudore, R. L., Stewart, A. L., Knight, S. J., McMahan, R. D., Feuz, M. A., Miao, Y., & Barnes, D. E. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072465 · Cited by 163
The Facial Expression Coding System (FACES): Development, validation, and utility.
Kring, A. M., & Sloan, D. M. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.2.210 · Cited by 173
Creative Climate: A Leadership Lever for Innovation
Isaksen, S. G., & AKKERMANS, H. J. (2011) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2011.tb01425.x · Cited by 165
Balance deficits in recreational athletes with chronic ankle instability.
Brown, C. N., & Mynark, R. G. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 165
Reduced Concreteness of Worry in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Findings from a Therapy Study
Stöber, J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1013845821848 · Cited by 176
Appearance scales to measure cosmetic outcomes of healed lacerations
Quinn, J., Drzewiecki, A., Stiell, I. G., & Elmslie, T. J. (1995) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/0735-6757(95)90100-0 · Cited by 164
Is psychotherapy more effective when therapists disclose information about themselves?
Barrett, M. S., & Berman, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.4.597 · Cited by 165
Trait and State Curiosity in the Genesis of Intimacy: Differentiation From Related Constructs
Kashdan, T. B., & Roberts, J. E. (2004) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.23.6.792.54800 · Cited by 177
Borkenau, P., Riemann, R., Angleitner, A., & Spinath, F. M. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.4.655 · Cited by 175
Patchan, M. M., Schunn, C. D., & Correnti, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000103 · Cited by 165
GPA in Research Studies: An Invaluable but Neglected Opportunity
Bacon, D. R., & Bean, B. (2006) · Journal of Marketing Education · doi:10.1177/0273475305284638 · Cited by 164
Prevalence of Rape Myths in Headlines and Their Effects on Attitudes Toward Rape
Franiuk, R., Seefelt, J. L., & Vandello, J. A. (2008) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9372-4 · Cited by 164
Holm, I., Bolstad, B., Lütken, T., Ervik, A., Røkkum, M., & Steen, H. (2000) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.204 · Cited by 161
Reliability of gait speed measured by a timed walking test in patients one year after stroke
Green, J., Förster, A., & Young, J. B. (2002) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1191/0269215502cr495oa · Cited by 165
Reliability of the Modified Foot Posture Index
Cornwall, M. W., McPoil, T. G., Lebec, M., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/0980007 · Cited by 164
Culture and alexithymia: Mean levels, correlates and the role of parental socialization of emotions.
Le, H., Berenbaum, H., & Raghavan, C. (2002) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.2.4.341 · Cited by 164
A quality-based review of randomized controlled trials of psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Gerber, A., Kocsis, J., Milrod, B., Roose, S., Barber, J., Thase, M., Perkins, P. S., & Leon, A. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.08060843 · Cited by 132
The impact of word prevalence on lexical decision times: Evidence from the Dutch Lexicon Project 2.
Brysbaert, M., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Keuleers, E. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000159 · Cited by 164
Multisite reliability of MR-based functional connectivity
Noble, S., Scheinost, D., Finn, E. S., Shen, X., Papademetris, X., McEwen, S. C., Bearden, C. E., Addington, J., Goodyear, B. G., Cadenhead, K. S., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.020 · Cited by 168
Reliability and construct validity of the SF-36 in Turkish cancer patients
Pınar, R. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-004-2393-3 · Cited by 164
Risk for Criminal Recidivism Among Young Sex Offenders
Långström, N., & Långström, N. (2000) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/088626000015008005 · Cited by 164
Meyer, G. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., Baxter, D., Exner, J. E., Fowler, J. C., Piers, C., & Resnick, J. D. (2002) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa7802_03 · Cited by 164
Martino, S., Ball, S. A., Nich, C., Frankforter, T. L., & Carroll, K. M. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300802688460 · Cited by 169
Sloan (1997) · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00097-9 · Cited by 163
The validity of upper-limb neurodynamic tests for detecting peripheral neuropathic pain.
Nee, R. J., Jull, G. A., Vicenzino, B., & Coppieters, M. W. (2012) · Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3988 · Cited by 171
Computergestützte quantitative Textanalyse
Wolf, M., Horn, A. B., Mehl, M. R., Haug, S., Pennebaker, J. W., & Kordy, H. (2008) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924.54.2.85 · Cited by 173
Assessing chimpanzee personality and subjective well‐being in Japan
Weiß, A., Inoue‐Murayama, M., Hong, K., Inoue, E., Udono, T., Ochiai, T., Matsuzawa, T., Hirata, S., & King, J. E. (2009) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20649 · Cited by 167
Reliability and validity of the modified functional reach test at the sub-acute stage post-stroke
Leurer, M. K., Fisher, I., Neeb, M., et al. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280801927830 · Cited by 163
Common and Unique Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory and Theory of Mind
Rabin, J. S., Gilboa, A., Stuss, D. T., Mar, R. A., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21344 · Cited by 157
Does pay for performance diminish intrinsic interest?
Fang, M., & Gerhart, B. A. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561227 · Cited by 176
SPSS and SAS programs for generalizability theory analyses
Mushquash, C. J., & O’Connor, B. P. (2006) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192810 · Cited by 163
Muthukumaraswamy, S. D., Singh, K. D., Swettenham, J. B., & Jones, D. K. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.045 · Cited by 163
Forceps Reduction of the Syndesmosis in Rotational Ankle Fractures
Phisitkul, P., Ebinger, T., Goetz, J. E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.k.01726 · Cited by 163
Ngomo, S., Léonard, G., Moffet, H., & Mercier, C. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.012 · Cited by 163
A grey zone for quantitative diagnostic and screening tests
Coste, J., & Pouchot, J. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg054 · Cited by 166
Resting-state fMRI can reliably map neural networks in children
Thomason, M. E., Dennis, E. L., Joshi, A. A., Joshi, S. H., Dinov, I. D., Chang, C., Henry, M. L., Johnson, R. F., Thompson, P. M., Toga, A. W., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.080 · Cited by 170
LaPrade, R. F., Spiridonov, S. I., Nystrom, L. M., et al. (2011) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2011.08.310 · Cited by 163
Dangerous minds? Effects of uncivil online comments on aggressive cognitions, emotions, and behavior
Rösner, L., Winter, S., & Krämer, N. C. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.022 · Cited by 191
Development of a Combined MR Fingerprinting and Diffusion Examination for Prostate Cancer
Yu, A. C., Badve, C. A., Ponsky, L. E., Pahwa, S. S., Dastmalchian, S., Rogers, M., Jiang, Y., Margevicius, S. P., SCHLUCHTER, M. D., Tabayoyong, W., et al. (2017) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2017161599 · Cited by 163
Lee, W., Lin, K., Seto, E., & Migliaccio, G. C. (2017) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2017.06.012 · Cited by 164
Are GRU Cells More Specific and LSTM Cells More Sensitive in Motive Classification of Text?
Gruber, N., & Jockisch, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2020.00040 · Cited by 175
Samdal, O., Wold, B., & Bronis, M. (1999) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1076/sesi.10.3.296.3502 · Cited by 163
Dettmers, C., Teske, U., Hamzei, F., et al. (2005) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.05.007 · Cited by 163
Observable Attributesas Manifestations and Cues ofPersonality and Intelligence
Borkenau, P., & Liebler, A. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00799.x · Cited by 163
Variability of plantar pressure data. A comparison of the two-step and midgait methods
McPoil, T. G., Cornwall, M., Dupuis, L., et al. (1999) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/87507315-89-10-495 · Cited by 163
Balcer, L. J., Baier, M. L., Pelak, V. S., Fox, R. J., Shuwairi, S. M., Galetta, S. L., Cutter, G., & Maguire, M. G. (2000) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850000600305 · Cited by 163
Hogan, T. P., & Awad, A. G. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700030282 · Cited by 160
Attrition in Randomized Controlled Trials for Pediatric Chronic Conditions
Karlson, C. W., & Rapoff, M. A. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn122 · Cited by 162
Korb‐Savoldelli, V., Gillaizeau, F., Pouchot, J., Lenain, É., Postel‐Vinay, N., Plouin, P., Durieux, P., & Sabatier, B. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7176.2012.00634.x · Cited by 163
Theta burst stimulation reduces disability during the activities of daily living in spatial neglect.
Cazzoli, D., Müri, R., Schumacher, R., von Arx, S., Chaves, S., Gutbrod, K., Bohlhalter, S., Bauer, D., Vanbellingen, T., Bertschi, M., et al. (2012) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/aws182 · Cited by 165
Real-Time Intersession and Interrater Reliability of the Functional Movement Screen
Oñate, J. A., Dewey, T., Kollock, R. O., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318220e6fa · Cited by 162
Stern, B. L., Caligor, E., Clarkin, J. F., Critchfield, K. L., Hörz‐Sagstetter, S., MacCornack, V., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2009) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890903379308 · Cited by 162
Brunt, E. M., Clouston, A. D., Goodman, Z. D., Guy, C. D., Kleiner, D. E., Lackner, C., TINIAKOS, D. G., Wee, A., Yeh, M. M., Leow, W. Q., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.01.011 · Cited by 164
Can personality traits predict increases in manic and depressive symptoms?
Lozano, B. E., & Johnson, S. L. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00191-9 · Cited by 165
Raczek, A. E., Ware, J. E., Bjørner, J. B., Gandek, B., Haley, S. M., Aaronson, N. K., Apolone, G., Bech, P., Brazier, J. E., Bullinger, M., et al. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00112-7 · Cited by 163
Quality of life in children with chronic kidney disease—patient and caregiver assessments
McKenna, A. M., Keating, L. E., Vigneux, A., Stevens, S. C. W., Williams, A., & Geary, D. F. (2006) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl091 · Cited by 162
Risk factors for postoperative anxiety in adults
Caumo, W., Schmidt, A. P., Schneider, C. N., Bergmann, J., Iwamoto, C. W., Adamatti, L. C. C., Bandeira, D. R., & Ferreira, M. B. C. (2001) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01842.x · Cited by 162
Ejbjerg, B., Narvestad, E., Jacobsen, S., et al. (2005) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2004.029850 · Cited by 162
Whitlock, J., Exner-Cortens, D., & Purington, A. (2014) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0036611 · Cited by 157
Gaining insights from social media language: Methodologies and challenges.
Kern, M. L., Park, G., Eichstaedt, J. C., Schwartz, H. A., Sap, M., Smith, L. K., & Ungar, L. H. (2016) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/met0000091 · Cited by 221
Chu, B. C., & Kendall, P. C. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.5.821 · Cited by 175
Schuck, P. (2004) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/b:qure.0000021318.92272.2a · Cited by 161
Social support and self-esteem predict changes in bipolar depression but not mania
Johnson, S. L., Meyer, B., Winett, C. A., & Small, J. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00133-0 · Cited by 161
Enterprise architecture management and its role in corporate strategic management
Simon, D., Fischbach, K., & Schoder, D. (2013) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-013-0213-4 · Cited by 186
Hess, E. P., Brison, R. J., Perry, J. J., Calder, L. A., Thiruganasambandamoorthy, V., Agarwal, D., Sadosty, A. T., Silvilotti, M. L. A., Jaffe, A. S., Montori, V. M., et al. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.07.026 · Cited by 163
Ageberg, E., Thomeé, R., Neeter, C., Silbernagel, K. G., & Roos, E. M. (2008) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.24066 · Cited by 161
Surgical Navigation Technology Based on Augmented Reality and Integrated 3D Intraoperative Imaging
Terander, A. E., Skúlason, H., Söderman, M., Racadio, J. M., Homan, R., Babić, D., van der Vaart, N. C., & Nachabe, R. A. (2016) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001830 · Cited by 161
Shweta, Bajpai, R. C., & Chaturvedi, H. (2015) · Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology · Cited by 161
Lower extremity prosthetic mobility: A comparison of 3 self-report scales
Miller, W. C., Deathe, A. B., & Speechley, M. R. (2001) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.25987 · Cited by 161
Hagelskamp, C., Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2013) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-013-9570-x · Cited by 160
Shipton, H. J., West, M. A., Parkes, C., Dawson, J., & Patterson, M. G. (2006) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320600908153 · Cited by 160
Lazennec, J. Y., Rousseau, M.-A., Rangel, A. C., et al. (2011) · Orthopaedics & Traumatology Surgery & Research · doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2011.02.006 · Cited by 160
The Patient Experiences Questionnaire: development, validity and reliability
Pettersen, K. I. (2004) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzh074 · Cited by 160
Evaluating Agreement: Conducting a Reliability Study
Karanicolas, P. J., Bhandari, M., Kreder, H. J., Moroni, A., Richardson, M., Walter, S. D., Norman, G. R., & Guyatt, G. H. (2009) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.h.01624 · Cited by 164
Precision of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Data Compared With Other Clinical Measures
Hahn, E. A., Cella, D. F., Chassany, O., Fairclough, D. L., Wong, G. Y., & Hays, R. D. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/82.10.1244 · Cited by 163
Outcome prediction in intensive care: results of a prospective, multicentre, Portuguese study
Moreno, R. P., & Morais, P. (1997) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340050313 · Cited by 160
Evans, J. D., Heaton, R. K., Paulsen, J. S., Palmer, B. W., Patterson, T. L., & Jeste, D. V. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01476-2 · Cited by 160
Nielsen, M., & Dissanayake, C. (2004) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2003.12.006 · Cited by 160
Metadata
- Authors
- Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Shrout, Patrick E.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1979
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 420-428
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2141403362
- Cited by
- 24,532
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1452 · 2025: 1085 · 2024: 998 · 2023: 1023 · 2022: 1083 · 2021: 1379 · 2020: 1189 · 2019: 1116 · 2018: 1178 · 2017: 1113 · 2016: 1106 · 2015: 1057 · 2014: 1172 · 2013: 1044 · 2012: 914
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering Research
- Keywords
- intraclass correlation coefficient, rater reliability, inter-rater reliability, reliability coefficients, confidence intervals, multiple raters
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Models, Statistical
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
