Amphetamine improves cognitive function in medicated individuals with schizophrenia and in healthy volunteers
Abstract
Background Recent research on schizophrenia indicates that cognitive deficits in this illness are important predictors of functional outcome, highlighting the need for treatments that have a positive impact on cognitive function. Here we explore the hypothesis that acute administration of d-amphetamine can improve cognitive function in individuals with schizophrenia who are well-treated with typical antipsychotics, as well as in healthy controls performing under dual task conditions designed to elicit performance deficits analogous to those found in schizophrenia. Methods Ten individuals with schizophrenia taking haldol or prolixin and 22 healthy controls performed spatial working memory, language production, and Stroop tasks under both placebo and 0.25 mg/kg of D-amphetamine. Results D-Amphetamine improved reactions times on the spatial working memory and Stroop tasks for both individuals with schizophrenia and controls, and improved working memory accuracy in schizophrenia. In addition, D-amphetamine improved language production for both individuals with schizophrenia and controls. Conclusions These results provide support for the hypothesis that the adjunctive administration of dopamine agonist can improve cognitive in individuals with schizophrenia taking typical antipsychotics. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the nature of working memory deficits in schizophrenia, and potential future avenues for cognitive enhancement in this il…
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D-amphetamine improves spatial working memory and language production in healthy volunteers.
“In the last decades, d-amphetamine has been reported to improve spatial working memory and language production in healthy volunteers (6), as well as increasing vigilance both in boys and adult men (7).”
Seven studies found either main effects or time-dependent effects of amphetamine on spatial working memory.
“Seven studies found either main effects or time‐dependent effects of AMP on SWM (Barch & Carter, 2005; Fleming et al., 1995; Makris et al., 2007; Mintzer & Griffiths, 2003; Ward et al., 1997b; Wardle et al., 2012; Willson et al., 2004)”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Barch & Carter, 2005
In the current review, the cognitive enhancing effects of AMP extended to learning and long-term verbal memory, although results were inconsistent.
“the current review showed that the cognitive enhancing effects of AMP can also extend to impulse control (de Wit et al., 2002; Dolder et al., 2018), non‐verbal intelligence (Mattay et al., 1996) and learning and long‐term verbal memory (Barch & Carter, 2005; Breitenstein et al., 2006; Soder et al., 2021; Whiting et al., 2007, 2008; Zeeuws et al., 2010a, 2010b; Zeeuws & Soetens, 2007).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Barch & Carter, 2005
Eight of 14 studies using other attention tasks reported that amphetamine improves attention.
“Eight of the 14 studies reported that AMP improves attention (Asghar et al., 2003; Barch & Carter, 2005; Comer et al., 1996; Dolder et al., 2018; Servan‐Schreiber et al., 1998; Silber et al., 2006; Sofuoglu et al., 2008; Willson et al., 2004).”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Barch & Carter, 2005
The current review shows that the effects of AMP are greater on DSST, selective attention, and reaction time than accuracy on various SWM tasks.
“The current review also shows that the effects of AMP are greater on DSST, selective attention, and reaction time than accuracy on various SWM tasks”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Barch & Carter, 2005
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- Authors
- Barch, D. M., & Carter, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barch, Deanna M.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-58
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2159404136
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- amphetamine, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analysis of Variance, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Demography, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Space Perception, Antipsychotic Agents
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