The DOI matches its Crossref record; 113 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Abstract
Advancing adult age is associated with reduced processing speed, which constrains cognitive performance.
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In the citing paper
“even healthy older adults experience age-related declines across multiple facets of cognition (Park & Shaw, 1992; Park et al., 1996; Salthouse, 1996; Salthouse & Babcock, 1991)”
From Training Older Adults to Use Tablet Computers: Does It Enhance Cognitive Function? (2016) · cites this paper as Salthouse, 1996
In the citing paper
“age-related changes in speed of information processing will constrain performance in timelimited decisions”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Salthouse, 1996
In the citing paper
“Differential susceptibility to coordinative demands may also help to explain why life-span age differences in marker tests of fluid intelligence such as Raven's matrices tend to persist when participants are given unlimited amounts of time to solve the items”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Salthouse, 1996
In the citing paper
“It follows a U-shaped trajectory over the lifespan, with differences in processing speed between younger and older adults being among the most widely replicated effects in the domain of cognitive aging (Salthouse 1996).”
From Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Energy: The Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening (FUEL) (2016) · cites this paper as Salthouse 1996
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“We also focused on improving information processing speed, conceived as the rate at which individuals can perceive, interpret, and respond to information, a fundamental prerequisite for efficient performance across most cognitive domains (Salthouse, 1996).”
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“Accuracy was notably lower in the 45~60 years age group, possibly reflecting transitional cognitive changes or attentional load [23].”
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“Secondly, the Processing-Speed Theory explains that there is a linear decline in cognitive performance due to reduced processing speed with increasing age (Salthouse, 1996).”
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“This finding aligns with studies showing that processing speed, neural timing, and long-range communication are particularly vulnerable to aging, even when basic representations remain intact [43].”
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“Processing speed—the general efficiency with which individuals carry out basic cognitive operations (Salthouse, 1996)—may therefore play a critical role in production.”
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“It is well-established that there are age-related changes in more global cognitive processes such as general processing speed (e.g., Salthouse, 1996) and some attentional control abilities (e.g., Verhaeghen and Cerella, 2002).”
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“…hypothesis (Baudouin et al., 2004) and is thought to reflect a degradation of motor, neural, and perceptual processes (Hunter et al., 2001; Morgan et al., 1994; Salthouse, 1996), as well as changes in muscle mass, visuo-propri-oceptive function, strength, and reaction time (Voelcker-Rehage, 2008).”
Cognitive predictors of metacognitive accuracy
Waller, C. S., Dodd, M. D., Walsh, M. J., Al-Momani, S. I., & Chiou, K. S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2026.2644926
“For example, Salthouse (1996) posited that declines in fluid cognition during aging are largely attributable to declines in processing speed.”
Consistently mapped but consistently demanding: Predicting skilled performance
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“Salthouse, 1996) Participants saw a series of line-drawing pairs.”
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“It is noteworthy that older adults were overall slower than younger adults in the present study, a pattern consistent with the general slowing commonly observed in normal aging (Eckert et al., 2010; Hardwick et al., 2022; Salthouse, 1996, 2000).”
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“Certain abilities such as vocabulary tend to remain relatively stable throughout life [2], while others such as processing speed are more sensitive to aging and exhibit a steady decline over time [4, 5].”
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Brayda-Bruno, L. (2010) · doi:10.70675/fa61f6e1ze84dz4b30zb31ezaf15f9430425
“Ces théories mettent, selon le cas, l’accent sur la vitesse de traitement, la gestion des ressources attentionnelles, ou le défaut d’auto-initiation de processus de traitement et/ou organisation des informations (Salthouse, 1996; Grady et Craik, 2000).”
BackgroundSorel, O. (2009) · doi:10.70675/1803c2a4zbcf0z4443z9e4czbb31d3f2b176
“La première étude expérimentale sur le raisonnement que nous pouvons maintenant appeler bayésien, est menée par un probabiliste (Rouanet, 1961).”
BackgroundRôle des fonctions exécutives dans les variations stratégiques au cours du vieillissement
Hodzik, S. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/043d9dcazd918z4979z8850z2181aedc0339
Lapre, É. (2010) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/40963095z03f0z4c02zb5edzc76f2954590a
“Sur le plan cognitif, le vieillissement normal se caractérise par un certain nombre de déficits, parmi lesquels, un déficit mnésique, notamment de la mémoire de travail (MDT) (Van der Linden & Hupet, 1994), un déficit des processus contrôlés mais pas des processus automatiques (Schachter, Cooper & Valdiserri, 1992), a…”
BackgroundCostello, N., Symonds, J. E., Rooney, B., & Santos, F. H. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2647187
“This accounts for substantial age-related variance in higher-order abilities like reasoning and memory, with the age–cognition association attenuated by ~75% when processing speed is included as a covariate in regression/SEM models (Salthouse, 1996; Verhaeghen & Salthouse, 1997).”
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Trémolière, B. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9bfa750dz244dz4ac1za9adz8ccd26a9dac2 · Cited by 1
Djouani, M. (2013) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b04fb95cza12dz43b9z92aaz0aa586aa4976
“…et tâches ............................................................ 92 1.2 Diminution des performances cognitives avec l’âge .................................................... 93 1.3 La théorie du ralentissement cognitif (Salthouse, 1996) ..............................................”
InfluentialHinault, T. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2bbfafe6z9139z4b98zaa67zf5dcbd48bf90
Djabelkhir, L. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/515a19c7z3eadz4902z9959zf3b9090b1aaf
Burger, L. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/02d3fc0fz1e98z43e9zb22az5be5e8b526dd
“(2) La seconde hypothèse postule que la diminution de la vitesse de traitement observée chez les adultes âgés compromettrait le traitement des informations, et diminuerait ainsi leurs performances cognitives (Salthouse, 1996).”
Mise à jour en mémoire de travail et vieillissement normal de la mémoire épisodique
Boujut, A. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a4f31e42zf86az4f4cz8f78z6216edb83e85
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Schweitzer, P. (2017) · doi:10.70675/479dc23bz626fz4d7azaac2z19e175e5cbaa
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Graa, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/bed0a381z0315z4079z8b0ezdde8afb4c838
López-Fontana, I. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e3113c1ezdffcz44bdz895az216bc031311a
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Symeonidou, N., Lee, M., & Kuhlmann, B. G. (2026) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-026-02888-6
“Immediately after the encoding phase, participants completed three blocks of a pattern comparison task (Salthouse, 1996) to reduce potential recency effects.”
Maggio, C. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f4fa6d10z7061z49bdzbe51z7a35199b445d
“Le ralentissement du traitement des informations serait également responsable des déficits liés à l’âge sur le plan de la mémoire de travail, notamment à cause du mécanisme de simultanéité (Salthouse, 1992, 1996a).”
BackgroundInfluentialA strategy perspective on age-based stereotype threat : studies in arithmetic
Nicolas, P. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/13483821z56e4z4810z90f8z3fe8a720bc8f
Ballot, C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fa3cd4d1zda0cz40deza848zcf31608079cc
Duboisdindien, G. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6821648cz8e25z4ee6zb599z489e8dc89766
Kefi, Z. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0a50c7b5zc19bz4da3zb111zea71682fea0e
Laillier, R. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f3f3322dz8127z47daz997fz61e5af74e307
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Alibran, É. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/eb9eb6dbzd67bz46e0za603z0665b00f1c0d
Bécu, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4c45f358z51e4z4540zb803z8580e7dac214 · Cited by 2
ElShafei, H. A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ecc35ce6zac11z429az931ez209e20c839d6
Andriuta, D. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/9bc67e49z5496z4d82z8bf5zff9f44d856c0
Les déterminants d’un vieillissement réussi
Hassaim, K. A. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2c0126d4z9dcez4bd8z8c70z1b2edff86251
Metadata
- Authors
- Salthouse, T. A.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salthouse, Timothy A.
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 403-428
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2039752037
- Semantic Scholar
- 8ed819fe682efc79801d73e6343885be23d36fb8
- Cited by
- 5,902
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 269 · 2025: 251 · 2024: 232 · 2023: 214 · 2022: 217 · 2021: 273 · 2020: 240 · 2019: 296 · 2018: 280 · 2017: 273 · 2016: 284 · 2015: 309 · 2014: 267 · 2013: 266 · 2012: 283
- FWCI
- 81.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R37AG006826)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- processing speed, age differences in cognition, fluid intelligence, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Attention, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time
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