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Collective memory: Collaborative and individual processes in remembering.
Abstract
Two experiments compared collaborative and individual recall. In Experiment 1, participants encoded pictures and words with a deep or shallow processing task, then recalled them twice either individually or collaboratively. Collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups (pooled individuals), thus exhibiting collaborative inhibition. However, group recall appeared to be more stable over time than individual recall. Groups and individuals both showed a picture-superiority effect, a level-of-processing effect, and hypermnesia. In Experiment 2, participants recalled the story "War of the Ghosts" (from F. C. Bartlett, 1932), and again collaborative groups recalled more than individuals, but less than nominal groups. Both the individual and collaborative recalls were highly organized. There was evidence that the collaborative groups tended to rely on the best individual to a greater extent in story than in list recall. Possible social and cognitive mechanisms are considered.
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“These findings are consistent with previous research on group versus individual learning which showed that group learning is superior to individual learning for relatively complex problem-solving tasks (Laughlin et al. 2002;Laughlin et al. 2006) and that individual learning is superior to group learning for relatively simple recall tasks (e.g., Andersson and Rönnberg 1995;Meudell et al. 1992;Weld”
From Making the Black Box of Collaborative Learning Transparent: Combining Process-Oriented and Cognitive Load Approaches (2010) · cites this paper as Weldon and Bellinger 1997
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weldon, M. S., & Bellinger, K. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1160-1175
- ISSN
- 0278-7393 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1285
- OpenAlex
- W2018734806
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- collective memory, collaborative recall, collaborative inhibition, picture superiority effect, levels of processing, hypermnesia, story recall, memory organization, social memory
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Individuality, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Mental Recall, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning, Writing
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