Cited by 278Child Abuse and TraumaSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesChild Welfare and Adoption

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 92 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Childhood victimization and illicit drug use in middle adulthood.

Spatz Widom, Cathy, Marmorstein, Naomi R., Raskin White, Helene·2006·Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Using a prospective cohort design, the authors examined in this study whether childhood victimization increases the risk for illicit drug use and related problems in middle adulthood. Court-documented cases of childhood physical and sexual abuse and neglect and matched controls (N = 892) were first assessed as young adults (mean age = 29 years) during 1989-1995 and again in middle adulthood (mean age = 40 years) during 2000-2002. In middle adulthood, abused and neglected individuals were about 1.5 times more likely than controls to report using any illicit drug (in particular, marijuana) during the past year and reported use of a greater number of illicit drugs and more substance-use-related problems compared with controls. The current results reveal the long-term impact of childhood victimization on drug use in middle adulthood. These new results reinforce the need for targeted interventions with abused and neglected children, adolescents, and adults, and particularly for women.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0893-164x.20.4.394

Cites

91 of 91 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Four Factor Index of Social Status
Paschou, R. (1975) · Cited by 6,989
Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2003) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1037/e560352009-001 · Cited by 6,930
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.) American Psychiatric Association (1987). American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1400 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. 567 pp., $39.95 hardcover; $29.95 softcover.
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303
Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research.
Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.66 · Cited by 2,718
The Cycle of Violence
Widom, C. S. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2704995 · Cited by 1,976
Mechanisms in the Cycle of Violence
Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2270481 · Cited by 1,803
Towards the assessment of adolescent problem drinking
White, H. R., & Labouvie, E. W. (1989) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1989.50.30 · Cited by 1,693
Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories.
Ross, M. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.2.341 · Cited by 1,617

Show all 92 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–278 of 278

Unpacking the Criminogenic Aspects of Stress Over the Life Course: The Joint Effects of Proximal Strain and Childhood Abuse on Violence and Substance Use in a High-Risk Sample of Women
Slocum, L. A., Medel, J., Doherty, E. E., & Simpson, S. S. (2022) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00224278211068188 · Cited by 6
Childhood Maltreatment Among Community Dwelling Adult Latinas
Bowman, K., Rew, L., & Murphey, C. L. (2009) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840902722203 · Cited by 6
A Prospective Study of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illicit Drug Use in Adulthood
Kaufman-Parks, A. M., Longmore, M. A., Manning, W. D., & Giordano, P. C. (2024) · Journal of Human Services · doi:10.52678/001c.117729 · Cited by 9
The Cycle of Violence: Childhood Abuse, Illicit Drug Use and Adult Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Jiang, C., Wan, G., Shi, J., & Mei, Y. (2025) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.13272 · Cited by 6
Victimisation and addictive careers amongst women in Malta
Scicluna, P., & Clark, M. (2019) · Journal of Forensic Practice · doi:10.1108/jfp-07-2018-0031 · Cited by 5
Opioid drug seeking after early-life adversity: a role for delta opioid receptors
Levis, S. C., Birnie, M. T., Xie, Y., Kamei, N., Kulkarni, P. V., Montesinos, J. S., Perrone, C. R., Cahill, C. M., Baram, T. Z., & Mahler, S. V. (2024) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100175 · Cited by 5
Gender, Maltreatment and Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adolescents in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment
Davila, M., & Tubman, J. G. (2019) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-019-00637-4 · Cited by 5
Early-Life Adversities and Recalcitrant Smoking in Midlife: An Examination of Gender and Life-Course Pathways
Lee, C., Harari, L., & Park, S. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa023 · Cited by 8
The Developmental Impact of Child Abuse on Adulthood: Implications for Counselors
Sikes, A., & Hays, D. G. (2010) · Adultspan Journal · doi:10.1002/j.2161-0029.2010.tb00069.x · Cited by 5
The Role of Experiential Avoidance in Trauma, Substance Abuse, and Other Experiences
Pepper, S. E. (2012) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc149651 · Cited by 5
Examining the mental health consequences of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner sexual violence in China: a brief review
Li, E. M., Willmott, D., & Trivedi‐Bateman, N. (2025) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-12-2024-0219 · Cited by 6
Sex differences in the effects of physical and sexual abuse on the odds of past 30-day opioid misuse among Florida justice-involved children
Johnson, M. E., & Zaidi, F. (2021) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2021.1891414 · Cited by 4
Correlates of recent drug use among victimized women on probation and parole.
Golder, S., Hall, M. T., Engstrom, M., Higgins, G. E., & Logan, T. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0038351 · Cited by 4
On the early-life origins of vulnerability to opioid addiction
Levis, S. C., Bentzley, B. S., Molet, J., Bolton, J. L., Perrone, C. R., Baram, T. Z., & Mahler, S. V. (2019) · doi:10.1101/716522 · Cited by 3
Dipendenza da sostanze ed esperienze sfavorevoli infantili: uno studio empirico condotto con la Childhood Experiences of Care and Abuse Interview (CECA)
Giannone, F., Guarnaccia, C., Infurna, M. R., & Cascio, M. L. (2015) · MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL INFANZIA · doi:10.3280/mal2015-001006 · Cited by 3
Associations Between Micro-neighborhood Greening and Child Maltreatment
Sokol, R. L., Bushman, G., Gong, C. H., Rupp, L. A., Ryan, J. P., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2022) · International Journal on Child Maltreatment Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1007/s42448-021-00109-2 · Cited by 3
Drug Risk: A Cross-Sectional Exploration of the Influence of Family-of-Origin and Current Situational Circumstances
Perkins, M. M., Elifson, K. W., & Sterk, C. E. (2010) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204261004000205 · Cited by 3
Vicarious Victimization, Negative Emotions, and Maladaptive Coping: Investigating the Role of Violent Peers
Walker, D. (2020) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-d-19-00142 · Cited by 3
Addicted to Self-esteem: Understanding the neurochemistry of narcissism by using cocaine as a pharmacological model
Kastner-Bosek, A., Dajic, I., Mikuš, N., Weidenauer, A., & Willeit, M. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/20438087211044362 · Cited by 5
Examining interactions between polygenic scores and interpersonal trauma exposure on alcohol consumption and use disorder in an ancestrally diverse college cohort
Sheerin, C. M., O’Hara-Payne, R. K., Lancaster, E. E., Suarez-Rivas, H., Spit for Science Working Group, Chatzinakos, C., Prom‐Wormley, E. C., & Peterson, R. E. (2024) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1274381 · Cited by 4
Child Maltreatment and Physical Health in Emerging Adulthood: Relationships with Physical Activity and Health Risk Behaviors
Moore, S. M. (2019) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado) · Cited by 3
Effects of naltrexone are influenced by childhood adversity during negative emotional processing in addiction recovery
Savulich, G., Riccelli, R., Passamonti, L., Correia, M., Deakin, J. F. W., Elliott, R., Flechais, R., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., McGonigle, J., Murphy, A., et al. (2017) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(17)30130-x · Cited by 2
Playground Politics at Home: Child Maltreatment and Sibling Violence
Smokowski, P. R., & Evans, C. B. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20293-4_6 · Cited by 2
Using the social ecological model to understand the contextual factors associated with HIV risk in commercial sex workers at high risk for contracting HIV
Larios, S. E. (2008) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 2
Correlates of Resilience Among American Indians in a Northwestern US State
Bradway, B. M. (2011) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 2
A long-term follow-up of crossover youth: Young adult outcomes for maltreated youth in the juvenile justice system
Baetz, C. L. (2015) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York) · Cited by 2
An Examination of the Relationship between Childhood Maltreatment and Gambling in Emerging Adulthood
Parikh, P. K. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 2
Convergence of case-specific epigenetic alterations identify a confluence of genetic vulnerabilities tied to opioid dependencePreprint
Corradin, O., Sallari, R. C., Hoang, A. T., Kassim, B. S., Hutta, G. B., Cuoto, L., Quach, B. C., Lovrenert, K., Hays, C., Gryder, B. E., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.447736 · Cited by 2
Childhood Trauma and Substance Dependence
Edalati, H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49414-8_13 · Cited by 1
Gender moderates the relationships between childhood abuse experiences and mental disorders later in life: a cross-sectional study among university students in Turkey
Türkkan, T., Odacı, H., & Bülbül, K. (2023) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2023.2264472 · Cited by 2
Abnormal interbrain coupling in individuals with childhood adversity may underlie their difficulties in benefiting from social interactions
Avnor, Y., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.050 · Cited by 1
Adverse childhood experiences and spiritual well-being: Serial mediation through meaning-based coping and substance misuse
Zeybek, S. U., & KURTULUŞ, H. Y. (2026) · Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/15332640.2025.2611125 · Cited by 2
Sexual victimization, partner aggression and alcohol consumption.
Ibanga, A. (2011) · African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies · Cited by 1
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS, RESILIENCE, AND ALCOHOL MISUSE IN MI'KMAQ ADOLESCENTS
Zahradnik, M. (2011) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada) · Cited by 1
It's like an uncontrollable demon in your body: The lived experiences of youth using crystal meth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Witbank, Mpumalanga
Singwane, T. P., & Ramoshaba, D. J. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v12i5.2726 · Cited by 1
Evaluating traumatic life events: An assessment of the health and delinquent outcomes of youth exposed to trauma
Glassner, S. D. (2015) · Cited by 1
Understanding Victim-Offender Overlap Taxonomies: A Longitudinal Study
Golladay, K. A. (2018) · Cited by 1
Substance Use Experiences and Hepatitis C Treatment Decision-Making Among HIV/HCV Co-infected Adults: A Dissertation
Ogawa, L. M. F. (2007) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/ttrn-3v27 · Cited by 1
Kvinnor med substansmissbruk och psykisk ohälsa
Olausson, S. (2008) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 1
Substance-abusing women offenders as victims
Smith, V. C. (2011) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t3dv1j81 · Cited by 1
Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder and illness experience in substance use disorder patients
Kok, T. (2017) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University) · Cited by 1
Socioeconomic inequalities in health: chronic disease prevalence, health care utilization, health expenditure and life course perspective in Botswana
Keetile, M. (2019) · Cited by 1
The role of family cohesion and cultural identification as moderators of sexual assault and internalizing and externalizing behaviors: A multiple groups analysis
Staats, N. (2020) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 1
Assessing trauma in the juvenile offender population: an exploration of the tscc and the crops
Flaherty, C. S. (2017) · Cited by 1
Child Maltreatment
Sousa, C., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, T. I., & Packard, W. B. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118303092.ch15 · Cited by 1
Child Maltreatment and Risk for Psychopathology
Jaffee, S. R. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258932.ch5 · Cited by 1
Delivery of a mainstreaming treatment model towards co-existing difficulties: a brief exploration of practitioners’ understanding, views and reported experiences
Guest, C., & Chrisp, T. (2015) · Advances in Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1108/add-12-2013-0031
The mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult smoking
Strine, T. W. (2010) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Examining the relationship between childhood victimization, health risk behaviors, and adult physical health outcomes among women on probation and parole.
Renn, T. (2015) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/2021
Call for Research: Detecting Early Vulnerability for Psychiatric Hospitalization
Prince, J. D. (2012) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-012-9303-1 · Cited by 1
Alcoholism, nicotine dependence and drug abuse
Enoch, M. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511642111.023
The Link: Trauma and Substance Abuse
Culpepper, L. D. (2016) · Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2016.05.00296
EMDR behandling av barn utsatt for komplekse traumer
Kaasa, A., & Sannes, A. K. (2015) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Psychological concerns
Rosenfeld, J. A. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511642111.021
The Rest of The Story: Exploring The Overall Functioning and Maturational Experiences of Former Foster Youth in Middle Adulthood
Yang, J. L. (2017) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment in a Community Sample of High-Risk Youth
Cecil, C. A. M. (2013) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
Advancing General Strain Theory: Three Empirical Studies
Walker, D. (2018)
The Influence of Attachment Phenomena on Alcohol and Tobacco Use
Le, T. L. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Middle childhood vulnerability to drugs and alcohol
Ewin, R., Reed, A., & Powell, L. (2020) · Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice · doi:10.1108/jcrpp-12-2019-0074
From Tragedy to Triumph: Counselors' Perceptions of Interventions for Former Victims of Abuse Who Have Become Successful
Powell, N. (2016) · doi:10.26716/redlands/doctor/2016.3
WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND AGE OF INITIATON OF SUBSTANCE USE
Dozier, A. (2020) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino)
The Associations between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysisPreprint
Hemady, C. L., Wong, S. C., Thurston, C., Fry, D. A., Murray, A. L., & Meinck, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-457143/v1
Child Neglect
Jent, J. F., & Merrick, M. T. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_734
Bibliographie
Bègue, L. (2014) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.begue.2014.01.0131
Female Drug Use, Abuse, and Victimization
Nazon, M., & Hawkins, D. (2019) · The Encyclopedia of Women and Crime · doi:10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0126
Self Identity: Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Tsola, M.-E., & Anastassiou‐Hadjicharalambous, X. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2545
Child Neglect
Jent, J. F., & Merrick, M. T. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_734
Appendix 2.References and Suggestions for Further Reading
(2010) · American Public Health Association eBooks · doi:10.2105/9780875531960bm02
The Associations Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Use During Pregnancy and Poor Infant Outcomes: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Hemady, C. L., Wong, S. C., Thurston, C., Fry, D. A., Murray, A. L., & Meinck, F. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-457143/v2
Methods for data collection and analysis in epidemiology-of-substance-use research
Gilani, S. O., Selvaraj, B. J., Benkli, B., & Hirani, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98814-8.00006-8
Retrospektive Bewertung des kindlichen Traumas bei depressiven PatientInnen
Wunderlich, A. C. (2023) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-9788
Resultados de investigación científica - Máster en Psicología, Mención en Psicoterapia (Segunda Cohorte). Universidad Técnica de Manabí.
(2023) · Revista Científica de Educación Superior y Gobernanza Interuniversitaria Aula 24 · doi:10.56124/aula24.v4i7.maestria-psicologia
La durée des évènements traumatiques et la polyvictimisation durant l’enfance sont-ils associés au développement de facteurs de risques chez les agresseurs sexuels ?
Chopin, J., Beauregard, É., & Molnar, L. (2023) · Criminologie Forensique et Sécurité · doi:10.26034/la.cfs.2023.4092
Identifying the Mechanisms Linking Child Abuse Victimization and Substance Use and Misuse Among an Adult Population in China
Li, S. D., Mi, K., Wu, K., & Lu, J. (2024) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2024.2416060
Understanding Early Stressful Experiences as a Risk Factor for Problematic Cannabis Use.
Aubin, K. C. M. (2024) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2024-16255
Prevalence of violence in a clinical sample of adolescent patients visiting a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic in Nepal
Sah, R., Brøndbo, P. H., Ma, J., Hansen, K. L., Devkota, N. R., Handegård, B. H., & Javo, A. C. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0335396
Caught Pregnant: Wresting and Relinquishing Control Over Motherhood In Manchester UK
Edgecliffe-Johnson, A. A. (2013) · doi:10.7916/d8qr4w7j
Distinct and shared effects of child maltreatment and parental dysfunction on increased criminogenic risk
Barra, S., Thönnes, E., Retz‐Junginger, P., Merscher, J., Turner, D., & Retz, W. (2026) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2026.108288

Authors: Spatz Widom, C., Marmorstein, N. R., & Raskin White, H.
Affiliations: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
ORCID: Marmorstein, Naomi R.
Venue: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 394-403
ISSN: 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
1939-1501
DOI: 10.1037/0893-164x.20.4.394
OpenAlex: W1977811346
Cited by: 278
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 12.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD40774)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA017842; DA10060; DA017552)
US Department of Justice (86-IJ-CX-0033; 89-IJ-CX-0007)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH49467; MH58386)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords: child victimization, childhood abuse, child neglect, illicit drug use, cannabis use, problematic substance use, midlife, long-term effects of abuse, women
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Child, Child Abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Statistics as Topic, Illicit Drugs, Cohort Studies, Crime Victims, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Childhood victimization and illicit drug use in middle adulthood.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks